2019～2023年臺中港成蚊監測與分析

Surveillance of adult mosquitoes in Taichung Port, 2019–2023

2019～2023年臺中港成蚊的監測結果，共計捕獲成蚊5,804隻，分別為7個蚊種，捕獲之蚊種以熱帶家蚊（Culex quinquefasciatus）5,655隻（97.43%）最多，其次為白頭家蚊（Cx. fuscocephala）77隻（1.33%），少部分為地下家蚊（Cx. pipiens molestus）（0.6%）、三斑家蚊（Cx. tritaeniorhynchus）（0.43%）、白腹叢蚊（Armigeres subalbatus）（0.03%）等。若分月來看，地下家蚊與熱帶家蚊於11月及3月較多，白線斑蚊（Aedes albopictus）及白頭家蚊則在6月較多；若分年來看，熱帶家蚊以2019及2020年較多、三斑家蚊以2019年較多、地下家蚊及白頭家蚊以2023年較多，白線斑蚊則零星分布於各年。2021年捕獲埃及斑蚊（Ae. aegypti）雌性1隻，後續進行成蚊及誘蚊產卵器之加強及例行性監測，鑑定其捕獲之成蚊及誘蚊產卵器孵化之幼蟲，未再發現埃及斑蚊。建議對於臺灣重要蚊媒傳染病之病媒蚊，應定期進行臺灣各地區之普查及研究，以即時評估疾病擴散風險及因應日益嚴重的暖化問題。對於國際重要蚊媒傳染病流行時，除了於國際港埠例行性監測外來蚊種外，也可考慮針對捕獲之蚊種檢驗是否攜帶其病原，釐清該傳染病入侵之風險，以阻絕傳染病於境外。

During 2019–2023, a total of 5,804 adult mosquitoes, representing seven mosquito species, were captured in Taichung Port. The most commonly captured mosquito species were 5,655 Culex quinquefasciatus (97.43%), followed by 77 Cx. fuscocephala (1.33%), and a small number of Cx. pipiens molestus (0.6%) and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (0.43%).
By month, Cx. pipiens molestus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were more common in November and March, while Aedes albopictus and Cx. fuscocephala were more common in June. By year, Cx. quinquefasciatus were more common in 2019 and 2020. There were more Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in 2019, and more Cx. pipiens molestus and Cx. fuscocephala in 2023. Ae. albopictus were found sporadically each year.
In 2021, one adult female Ae. aegypti was captured. Consequently, strengthened adult mosquito surveillance and continued routine ovitrap monitoring were carried out. No more Ae. aegypti were captured and no Ae. aegypti larvae hatched from ovitraps.
We recommend regular surveillance and research on mosquitoes that transmit infectious diseases in Taiwan, and promptly assess the risk of disease spread in response to the worsening global warming problem. When mosquito-borne disease outbreaks occur abroad, in addition to routine surveillance of exotic mosquito species, testing captured mosquitoes for infectious disease pathogens may be considered to help in assessing the risk of disease invasion and spread.