戰爭記憶與創傷：保寧《戰爭的悲傷》與百田尚樹《永遠的零》

Memory of War and Trauma in Bao Ninh’s The Sorrow of War and Naoki Hyakuta’s The Eternal Zero

越南文學中，作家保寧（Bao Ninh）的小說《戰爭的悲傷》（The Sorrow of War 1990）探討了士兵們在戰爭中可怕經歷的記憶。他們時刻面對死亡，即便倖存歸來，也要承受身體和心理上的創傷。戰爭的記憶如影隨形，不斷折磨他們，使他們在生理與心理上都深陷痛苦之中。日本作家百田尚樹（Naoki Hyakuta）的小說《永遠的零》（The Eternal Zero 2006）則透過相關人物生動的回憶，揭示了二戰期間日本神風特攻隊員的驚人真相。他們竭盡全力作戰，無懼犧牲，但同時也深切渴望生存與回家。戰爭的記憶伴隨這些士兵一生，使他們如同囚徒般無法逃離。本文從比較的角度，分析了越南與日本文學中士兵的戰爭經驗。研究旨在探討兩部作品如何表達戰爭記憶、戰爭體驗以及從創傷記憶與傷口中獲得療癒的過程有何異同。本文還考察了這些戰爭經歷如何在精神層面上造成創傷，以及作家如何通過文學與藝術來療癒這些傷口。對於那些親身參戰的士兵而言，戰爭經歷的記憶依然鮮活難忘，即便在戰爭結束數十年之後，依然揮之不去。

In Vietnamese literature, the novel The Sorrow of War (1990) by writer Bao Ninh addresses the theme of soldiers with memories of horrific experiences during the war, where they constantly face death and endure both physical and psychological trauma even when they survive and return home. The memories of war haunt the soldiers, causing them pain and agony both physically and mentally. The novel The Eternal Zero (2006) by Japanese writer Naoki Hyakuta contains astonishing truths about Japanese kamikaze pilots during World War II, recounted through the vivid memories of those involved. They fight with all their might, unafraid of sacrifice, yet also deeply yearn to live and return home. The memories of war cling to the soldiers throughout their lives, making them seem like prisoners who cannot escape from those memories. The article analyzes the war experiences of soldiers through two works of Japanese and Vietnamese literature from a comparative perspective. It aims to identify the similarities and differences in how these works express memories of war, the experiences of war, and the processes of healing from traumatic memories and wounds. It examines how these experiences traumatize them mentally and how the writers use literature and art to heal these wounds. The memories of the war experiences of soldiers who directly engage in battle remain vivid and unforgettable, even decades after the war ends.