探討呼吸肌訓練促進肺功能、運動表現與血壓調控之健康效益：系統性文獻分析

The health benefits of respiratory muscle training on pulmonary function, exercise performance, and blood pressure regulation: A systematic review

先前研究證據支持呼吸肌訓練除可以增加呼吸肌群肌耐力外，亦能提升運動員運動表現，而近年越來越多研究發現，一般健康族群進行吸氣或呼氣負荷之呼吸肌訓練時，具血壓控制的生理效益。因此，本文透過PubMed及Google Scholar等資料庫以respiratory muscle training, inspiratory muscle training, and exercise performance, sports performance; respiratory muscle training, inspiratory muscle training, and blood pressure等關鍵字進行檢索，分別收錄2014至2024呼吸肌訓練與運動表現相關研究，及2018至2024呼吸肌訓練與血壓調控相關研究共12篇文獻，以綜合評論方式進行分析近十年關於呼吸肌訓練對於肺功能、運動表現與血壓調控之影響，並進一步應用於老年人族群之生理效益。本文發現呼吸肌訓練除了對耐力運動有益處外，在較短且高強度的運動上同樣有其益處，而在血壓調控上能透過減少交感神經活性來對血壓產生正面積極影響。

Previous evidence has shown that respiratory muscle training can enhance the endurance of respiratory muscles and improve athletic performance. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have also suggested that inspiratory or expiratory muscle training confers physiological benefits for blood pressure regulation in healthy populations. This systematic review searched PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords such as“respiratory muscle training,”“inspiratory muscle training,”“exercise performance,”“sports performance,”and“blood pressure.”A total of 12 studies were included: those related to respiratory muscle training and exercise performance from 2014 to 2024, and those related to respiratory muscle training and blood pressure regulation from 2018 to 2024. This review analyzed the effects of respiratory muscle training on pulmonary function, exercise performance, and blood pressure regulation over the past decade, and to further apply the physiological benefits to the elderly population. Findings suggest that respiratory muscle training not only benefits endurance exercise but also shows advantages in shorter, high-intensity sports. Moreover, inspiratory muscle training may contribute to blood pressure reduction by decreasing sympathetic nervous activity.