泡沫噴頭結合泡沫原液的滅火效能研究

Study of Fire Extinguishing Efficiency of Foam Heads Combined with Foam Concentrates

依內政部於民國92年公告之「泡沫噴頭認可基準」施行至今已21年有餘，但經常發生現場完工驗收時，發泡倍率或25%還原時間無法通過測試之情形，追究其原因關鍵在於泡沫噴頭與泡沫原液相互間之搭配性有著很大的關係，且目前國內尚無相關泡沫原液之檢驗標準。
本研究選擇4款市面上經檢驗單位認可通過之泡沫噴頭，與4種經消防署112年1月1日所公告不含『全氟辛烷璜酸（PFOS）』、『全氟辛烷磺酸鋰鹽（LPOS）』、『全氟辛烷磺醯氟（POSF）』及『全氟辛酸（PFOA）』之泡沫原液，來進行「發泡倍率」、「25%還原時間」及「滅火」實驗。
研究發現當泡沫噴頭搭配泡沫原液進行「25%還原時間」實驗時有發生25%還原時間無法達60秒以上，及「滅火實驗」無法於60秒內滅火之情形，由此可知泡沫噴頭與泡沫原液需搭配的重要性。
在上述消防署公告不含4種氟化物下之4種泡沫原液搭配4款泡沫噴頭於滅火實驗時均能全部滅火，倘若能將泡沫噴頭搭配到符合的泡沫原液時，其滅火效能值會更佳且也能符合「泡沫噴頭認可基準」之規定。
研究中也發現有以下趨勢『壓力小→發泡倍率高→25%還原時間快』、『壓力大→發泡倍率低→25%還原時間慢』、『25%還原時間慢→滅火時間快』及『25%還原時間快→滅火時間慢』。
因此本研究建議認證泡沫噴頭時需同時提出所搭配使用之泡沫原液，經測試合格後標註於認可證書上；同時也建議國內需制訂泡沫原液相關試驗標準來進行認可。

According to the「Foam Head Approval Standards」announced by the MINSTRY OF THE INTERIOR,R.O.C in 2003, more than 21 years have passed. However, it is common that during the final site acceptance tests, the foam Expansion value or the 25% drain time fails to meet the required standards. The primary reason for these failures lies in the compatibility between the Foam Head and the Foam Concentrate. Additionally, there are currently no established testing standards for Foam Concentrate in the country.
This study selected four Foam Heads that have been approved by inspection authorities and four types of Foam Concentrates announced by the National Fire Agency, Ministry Of The Interior on January 1, 2023, which do not contain Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)、Lithium perfluorooctane sulfonate (LPOS)、Perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride(POSF) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). These were used to conduct experiments「Foam Expansion value」,「25% drain time」, and「Fire extinguishing」performance.
The research found that when Foam Heads were paired with Foam Concentrates for the「25% drain time」experiment, there were instances where the 25% drain time did not exceed 60 seconds, and the「Fire extinguishing」could not be completed within 60 seconds. This highlights the critical importance of compatibility between Foam Head and Foam concentrates.''
In light of the National Fire Agency, Ministry Of The Interior announcement that the four types of Foam Concentrates do not contain four specific fluorinated compounds, all fire extinguishing experiments conducted with these four types of Foam Concentrates paired with four models of Foam Head successfully extinguished fires. If the Foam Heads are matched with compatible Foam Concentrates, their fire extinguishing efficacy is enhanced and also meets the requirements of the「Foam Head Approval Standards」.
The study also identified the following trends『Lower pressure→Higher Foam Expansion value→Faster 25% drain time』、『Higher pressure→Lower Foam Expansion value→Slower 25% drain time』、『Slower 25% drain time→Faster Fire Extinguishing time』and『Faster 25% drain time→Slower Fire Extinguishing time』.
Therefore, this study recommends that when certifying Foam Head, the corresponding Foam Concentrate used in pairing should also be submitted. Once tested and approved, this information should be noted on the certification document. Additionally, it is recommended that domestic standards for testing Foam Concentrates be established for certification purposes.