赤塚忠甲骨學研究

Akatsuka Kiyoshi’s Research on Oracle Bone Studies

赤塚忠（1913-1983）是日本著名研究中國古代文化的學者，曾擔任過日本中國學會理事長、東方學會評議員等重要學術職務。赤塚忠的研究以甲骨、金文為基礎，延伸至先秦文學如《詩經》、《楚辭》；思想義理如《論語》、《墨子》等多種領域，前後出版多部專著，如《中國古代の宗教と文化：殷王朝の祭祀》、《赤塚忠著作集》全七卷等，成果豐碩，至今仍是日本研究相關領域的重要著作。中文學界對赤塚忠的認識較多集中在他文學、思想方面的研究，較少注意他文字學方面的研究，但日本學界提到赤塚忠，仍將甲骨研究視為其學術的根基。相對於島邦男、白川靜、松丸道雄等學者，中文學界對赤塚忠的甲骨學研究較不熟悉，僅較注意他用民俗學來研究《詩經》的特點。本文由赤塚忠的學經歷背景開始介紹，敘述他在甲骨學的重要研究成果，並從著作分析他在甲骨學研究的特色，最後說明甲骨研究對他相關學術所造成的影響。

Akatsuka Kiyoshi (1913-1983) was a prominent Japanese scholar specializing in ancient Chinese culture. He held significant academic positions, including Chairman of the Society for Chinese Studies in Japan and Councilor of the Oriental Society of Japan. Akatsuka’s research was rooted in oracle bone inscriptions and bronze script, extending to diverse fields such as pre-Qin literature, including the Classic of Poetry and Chu Ci, and philosophical and ethical texts like the Analects and Mozi. Over his career, he published numerous influential works, including Ancient Chinese Religion and Culture: Rituals of the Shang Dynasty and the seven-volume Collected Works of Akatsuka Kiyoshi. These remain vital references in Japanese scholarship on these subjects.
In Chinese academia, Akatsuka’s contributions are primarily recognized for his literary and philosophical studies, with less attention given to his research in paleography. However, within Japanese academia, Akatsuka’s oracle bone research is still regarded as the foundation of his scholarship. Compared to scholars such as Shima Kunio, Shirakawa Shizuka, and Matsumaru Michio, Akatsuka’s work in oracle bone studies remains relatively lesser-known in Chinese academic circles, where more focus is placed on his use of folklore in studying the Classic of Poetry. This paper introduces Akatsuka Kiyoshi’s academic background, discusses his key research contributions in oracle bone studies, analyzes the unique aspects of his approach, and examines the broader impact of his oracle bone research on his related academic work.