「清音幽韻」與「雄辭閎辯」：王安石評論歐陽脩散文之研究

“Pure Voice” and “Eloquent Debate”: A Study of Ouyang Xiu’s Classical Prose as Commented by Wang Anshi

王安石以「清音幽韻」、「雄辭閎辯」理解歐陽脩的文章，學者未能明白其深義。本文先討論歐陽脩散文是否有二元風格的可能，再來探討「清音幽韻」與「雄辭閎辯」的明確定義，以及歐陽脩如何表述這類作品，有何寫作成就？最後討論後世文論如何理解王安石所建構出來的理路？
研究結果發現，王安石是首位用二元風格理解歐陽脩文章的知音，他提出來的「清音幽韻」說法，和貶謫文人的心態有關，能寫出人生不得志時的悲苦心情；「雄辭閎辯」說法，和參政議事的仕途有關，能寫出據理力爭的剛正氣節。這兩種風格都有暢達明快的特色，而且都來自天性、學養與重視實事三個方面。其中「清音幽韻」雖然以「淒」爲文章主軸，有悲苦心情忽然來到的寫法，卻也常見在文章末尾處寬釋心懷，將悲傷的情緒迅速停止。兩大類作品數量相當，「清音幽韻」以敘事或抒情寫景作品爲主，「雄辭閎辯」以奏議上疏及書、論之類的實用性文體爲主，都是他傾心盡力的創作。王安石的評論符合歐陽文風的實情，也與後世陽剛、陰柔二分的說法相近。歐陽脩一生的寫作方式是由剛健走向情韻不匱的柔婉，世人多注意及此，然而他的剛健文風至晚年依然有之。歐陽脩釀構許多佳篇，具備剛、柔這兩種文風。王安石使後世能認識清楚歐文有二元對舉的風格，功不可沒。

Wang Anshi understood Ouyang Xiu's prose as “Pure Voice” and “Eloquent Debate”, but scholars do not yet have a thorough understanding of it. This article first discusses whether there is a possibility of a dualistic style in Ouyang Xiu's prose, the definition of “pure voice” and “eloquent debate”, how Ouyang Xiu expresses these in his works, and what the achievement of this writing is. Finally, we discuss how later generations of literary theory understand the rational path constructed by Wang Anshi.
The results of the study found that Wang Anshi is the first person who could understand the dualistic style of Ouyang Xiu's prose. In it “pure voice” refers to the mentality of a demoted literati, pouring out sad mood at life’s setbacks. “Eloquent debate” is related to the career in politics and deliberation, and often refers to the integrity of reason. Both styles have the characteristics of clarity and fluency, and both come from three aspects: inborn nature, learning and scrutiny to facts. Among them, although “pure voice” takes ''sadness'' as the main axis of the prose, where the sad mood issues forth suddenly, it is also common to find relief at the end of the prose. The two categories of works are equally numerous, “pure voice” is mainly composed of narrative or lyrical works, while ''eloquent debate'' is mainly composed of practical genres, such as memorials and treatises. Wang Anshi's comments are in line with Ouyang's literary style, similar to the stylistic dichotomy of masculinity and femininity propounded by later generations. Ouyang Xiu's writing style has changed from robust to plain throughout his writing career. However, his robust writing style continues to exist in his later years as well. Ouyang Xiu has produced many excellent chapters, consistent with the later statements of masculinity and femininity in writing style. Wang Anshi made it possible for future generations to clearly understand the dualistic style of Ouyang Xiu's prose.