里耶秦牘「秦更名方」疑難文句解析──附論木方之繕寫年分及對「書同文字」政策的新認識

Explanation of Difficult Sentences in the Liye Qin Slips “Wooden Tablet of Nomenclature Changes from the Qin Dynasty”: With a Discussion of the Transcription Dates of the Wooden Tablets and New Understandings of the “Unified Written Language” Policy

里耶秦牘「秦更名方」應為目前深入瞭解秦代「書同文字」政策，最重要且直接的史料，極其珍貴，因而獲得學界頗大的關注。「秦更名方」雖有殘損，且部分文字又有不同程度的漫漶，但經學界接力般的研究，現存有墨跡之字，大多已能辨識確認，甚至對於一些缺損、省略之處，亦根據文例、文義作了合理的擬補。然而，全篇中仍有部分疑難文句的涵義有待商酌，主要有「歸戶更曰乏戶」、「曰產曰族」、「曰五午曰荊」等句，本文將針對這些疑點試作詮解。其中，「曰曰荊」一則，與木方之繕寫年分有關，亦將附帶論及。本文並將修正前人論著所附全篇釋文，期能提供更理想的釋文版本。此外，還將討論木方之名稱，以及對「秦更名方」之句式、秦「書同文字」政策的新認識等問題。透過本文的解析，期望能增進對此珍稀文獻的認識，並對於秦代「書同文字」政策有更深刻的理解。篇末附上「秦更名方」全篇的語譯，以便讀者參閱、檢視。

Liye Qin Slips “Wooden tablet of nomenclature changes from the Qin Dynasty” represents one of the most significant and direct historical sources for comprehending the Qin Dynasty's “unified written language” policy. Due to its extraordinary value, it has garnered significant attention within the academic community. Although the “Wooden tablet of nomenclature changes from the Qin Dynasty” is partially damaged, and some characters are obscured to varying extents, most of the existing characters have been identified and confirmed through successive scholarly studies. Furthermore, certain missing or unclear sections have been reasonably reconstructed based on textual patterns and contextual meanings. However, some difficult phrases in the text remain open to interpretation. This article attempts to address these ambiguities by providing interpretations of key problematic passages. In addition, this article revises the explanatory text published in previous research, in the hope of providing a more satisfactory version of the explanation. In addition, we will discuss the naming conventions of the wooden tablet, the transcription dates, and new understandings of the syntax of the “Wooden tablet of nomenclature changes from the Qin Dynasty,” along with the Qin policy of “unified written language.”
By analyzing these aspects, this study aims to deepen our understanding of this rare document and provide further understanding of the Qin Dynasty’s “unified written language.” A full translation of the text is appended for readers' reference and verification.