李贄《陽明先生道學鈔》述評——兼用詞頻數據及薩提爾理論再作考察與詮釋

Li Zhi’s Commentary on Mr. Yangming’s Notes on Daoxue: A Re-evaluation with Word Frequency Analysis and Satir’s Theory

本文考察李贄《陽明先生道學鈔》一書所選錄之王陽明文章，及其附錄於書末的《陽明先生年譜》，首先申明其書應當「與《年譜》並觀」的選文特色，其次從李贄之圈點眉批與論評中，進而發掘李贄選編該書之撰作動機與精神要旨，及其書之內容特色與思想價值。李贄藉此書以表彰他心目中的陽明心學之精神，若一言以蔽之，可說在於彰明儒學作為一套「生命的學問」之具體內涵，本文先以「事君之道」、「治世之方」、「為己之學」與「同尊朱陸」四項作一分述。其後對於該書在眾多陽明文選中的特色與價值何在，再就三個方面作一考察與申發：首先對照黃宗羲編撰《明儒學案》與《明文海》之內容，就李贄與黃宗羲關注陽明學之重點同異作一比較；其次借用中國哲學書電子化計畫資料庫之檢索及統計功能，檢視《明儒學案》、《王陽明全集》，以及李贄《道學鈔》中詞頻數據之多寡異同，考察各書論學之偏重，以見李贄編選陽明文章之特色所在；最後再借重西方家族治療大師薩提爾之理論，詮解《道學鈔》之選文與李贄之觀點，由此凸顯其思想超越時代的精神價值。

In this essay, I evaluate Li Zhi’s selection of Wang Yangming’s articles collected in Mr. Yangming’s Notes on Daoxue and the attached Mr. Yangming's Chronicles. After explaining the importance of reading Notes along with Chronicles, I explore Li’s motives for editing this book and the philosophical significance of this selection based on his marks and commentaries. While Li shows his idea of Yangming’s mind theory that treats Confucianism as a “wisdom of life” with practical values, I first discuss the following four themes respectively: “the approach to serve the emperor,” “the ideal way of ruling a nation,” “the study for oneself,” “an equal respect for Zhu and Lu.” Further, I investigate the significance of Li’s book from the perspective of the numerous Yangming selections and examine the following three aspects: first, I compare Li’s work with Huang Zongxi’s compilation of Ming Confucian Case Studies and The Sea of Ming Literature and thus observe the difference between Li’s and Huang’s focus on Yangming studies. Second, we make use of the database of Chinese Text Project to examine the differences in the word frequency of terms used in Ming Confucian Case Studies, The Complete Works of Wang Yangming, and Li’s Notes and examine the emphasis of each book to see the characteristics of Li’s selection of Wang’s texts. Finally, I use the theories of Satir, a Western master of family therapy, to interpret the selected texts of Notes and Li’s viewpoints, thus highlighting the value of his philosophy that transcends beyond his time.