臺灣「跨文化莊子學」的發展：美學與倫理的當代視野

The Development of the Trans-Cultural Zhuangzi Study in Taiwan: A contemporary perspective on aesthetics and ethics

近十幾年來，臺灣興起一股「跨文化莊子學」的思潮，這股力量來自一種對當代的反省與關懷。本文聚焦在何乏筆與宋灝的「跨文化研究」理念，並關注《莊子》這部深具跨文化潛力的經典文本。《莊子》之所以具有跨文化潛力，並不僅僅是因為可以找到與西方相互闡發、溝通的思想，而是能夠關注當代的問題，並且發展出嶄新的視野。所謂「嶄新的視野」，一方面可以反省西方的理性主體，一方面又對東方內部的傳統提出批判視角，以此達到彼此相互轉化的意義，同時回應當代的困境。換言之，「跨文化研究」既不是西方中心論，也不是漢文化主體論，更不是文化本質主義。這三個「不是」，是以否定的方式來帶出「跨文化研究」的特色，正好呼應了《莊子》的跨文化潛力。眾所皆知，《莊子》有濃厚的否定與解構精神，但也因為如此，使得《莊子》經常被歸為美學或藝術主體，即使不完全是出世、保身的隱逸哲學，也在世間的倫理政治上缺乏積極的投入與實踐。然而，在反省理性主體的大方向裡，美學、藝術、身體技藝、感受、物質的重要性重新被評估，氣論」成為了一個被關注的重點。此外，如何重新思考倫理學，有沒有「道家式的倫理學」，也成為了一個重要的問題。目前，臺灣「跨文化莊子學」已經有相當豐碩的成果，本文將以「美學」與「倫理」為範疇，考察楊儒賓、鍾振宇、劉滄龍、何乏筆、宋灝、賴錫三、林明照等學者的研究成果，試圖勾勒臺灣「跨文化莊子學」的人文風貌。

In the past decade or so, a trend of the Trans-cultural Zhuangzi Study has emerged in Taiwan, which came from a reflection and concern for the contemporary era. This study focuses not only on the theory of the Trans-cultural study proposed by Fabian Heubel and Mathias Obert but also on Zhuangzi, a classic text with a deep trans-cultural potential. The trans-cultural potential of Zhuangzi not only comes from the ideas therein which can be interpreted and communicated with the West but also from its focus on contemporary issues and the development of a new vision. The new vision can reflect on the rational subject of the West while offering a critical perspective on the traditions within the East, thus achieving the meaning of mutual transformation and responding to contemporary dilemmas. In other words, the trans-cultural study is neither Western-centrism, nor Chinese cultural subjectivism, nor cultural essentialism. These three “nos” present the characteristics of the trans-cultural study in a negative way, echoing Zhuangzi's trans-cultural potential. Zhuangzi is known to have a strong spirit of negation and deconstruction, but because of this, it has often been categorized as an aesthetic or artistic subject. Even if it is not completely a seclusion philosophy, it also lacks active input and practice in the real world’s ethics and politics. However, in the general direction of reflecting on the rational subject, the importance of aesthetics, arts, body skills, feelings, and materiality is reassessed, and the Qi(氣) Theory becomes a focus. In addition, how to rethink ethics and whether there is a “Taoist ethics” has also become an important issue. At present, the Trans-cultural Zhuangzi Study in Taiwan has been quite fruitful. Therefore, this study explores the research results of scholars, such as Rur-bin Yang, Chen-yu Chung, Tsang-long Liu, Fabian Heubel, Mathias Obert, Shi-san Lai, and Ming-chao Lin. It attempts to outline the humanistic landscape of the Trans-cultural Zhuangzi Study in Taiwan.