天下武宗：武學敘事視野下的少林譜系（622-2018）

The Founding Model of Martial Arts Under Heaven: Shaolin Genealogy from the Perspective of Martial Arts Narrative (622-2018)

少林作為虛實互滲的文化象徵符號，極大部分視聽群眾都曉得它的「真身」──少林寺，少林寺的真實性存在，正好成為武俠文學創作的虛構性源頭。本文借用傅柯的譜系學理論，在古代文史記錄、筆記小說、武俠小說、功夫電影等作品當中，重建一個以「十三棍僧救唐王」作為「起源」的少林譜系，並在論述中確定幾個重要的「出現」，陳述其武術發展的盛衰。其次，借助布魯姆的詩學理論，針對二十一世紀武俠小說的少林敘事，分析遲來者內心的影響焦慮，以及應對策略。

As a cultural symbol of the interpenetration of reality and fantasy, Shaolin is known to most audiences by its most potent physical manifestation—the Shaolin Temple. The real existence of the Shaolin Temple has become the origin of fictional creation within material arts literature. This article uses Michel Foucault's theory of genealogy to reconstruct a genealogy of Shaolin, one which posits as its origin the story of “the thirteen stick-monks saving the Emperor of Tang. ” It reproduces this genealogy through the use of classical literary and historical records, literary sketches, martial arts novels, kung-fu movies and other works. The paper will outline several important points of “emergence” regarding this genealogy, articulating the rise and fall of its material arts practices. Secondly, with the help of Harold Bloom's theory of poetics, this paper will take up the Shaolin narrative of 21st century martial arts novels, analyzing the anxiety of influence that resides in the heart of late-coming authors, and their various strategies of response.