漢學，當何如？──越南《南風雜誌》漢文版「漢學」相關論述之研究

Whither Sinology: Transitions of the ''Vietnamese Sinology'' Discourse in the Chinese Version of Nam Phong Tạp Chí

法殖民政府於1919年正式廢止越南科舉制度，宣告越南傳統教育制度的終結，此亦是越南傳統漢學╱儒學的重要分水嶺。這對二十世紀初期越南知識人來說，不僅是他們關注的焦點，甚至也和他們本身及越南未來的發展密切相關。因此，這些知識人便在當時重要的漢文報刊《南風雜誌》上，展開了一連串有關「漢學」的討論。或分析漢學衰微之因，或總結漢學發展歷程，或引介中國傳統思想以為借鑒，或說明殖民政府對待處置之法，或思考越南漢學存續轉型之道，探討議題相當多元，也早於1920年代中期的越南儒學論爭，具有相當重要的社會文化和歷史意義。更重要的是，在《南風雜誌》這一份主要由殖民者及傾法／親法知識人所共同構築的言論場域裡，有不少論述從殖民論述的罅隙中流露出來，甚至與之針鋒相對，反而造成文本的開放與對話，使「漢學」本身的意義更趨多元，呈現出豐富的社會文化面貌。相信這些問題的討論，將有助於我們認識二十世紀初期越南知識人，在知識結構與意識型態上的差異與拉鋸，進而思考「漢學」在近現代東亞轉型時所扮演的重要角色。

The imperialist examinations system of Vietnam was abolished in 1919 by the French administration during their colonization, and therefore put an end to the traditional education system. This is a hallmark in the demarcation between Vietnamese Sinology and Confucianism, which had a huge impact on the Vietnamese intellectuals as this was closely related to them as well as to the future development of Vietnam. They started discussions about Vietnamese Sinology published in Nam Phong Tap Chi, together with the analysis of the reasons for the decline of Sinology, a general view about the development of Sinology, borrowing from traditional Chinese thought to teach lessons, and/or the transformation of sinology. These various issues not only preceded the debate about Vietnamese Confucianism in the mid-1920s, there were also socio-culturally important and historically significant. Moreover, the original purpose of the Nam Phong Tap Chi was to promote political propaganda and introduce French culture to the Vietnamese people, hence this active and open-minded interaction made the Sinology somewhat even more interesting. The purpose of this study is to explore the Vietnamese intellectuals in the early twentieth century, as well as their differences, as situated in the structure and ideology of knowledge to better understand the role of Sinology in shaping modern East Asia.