漢學研究的跨文化轉向：論自我與他者的弔詭共生

The Transcultural Turn of Sinology: The Paradoxical Co-living of Self and Other

漢學研究的跨文化轉向，已是不可逆之趨勢。本文首先從根本上探討何謂跨文化研究；其次申論，自我與他者「弔詭共生」的概念是中國與外來文化接觸史的關鍵，足資啟發我們面對他者應有的倫理態度。自我文化如何打破窠臼、翻轉創新？端賴自我與他者的弔詭共生。
「跨文化」（transculturation）是古巴人類學家Fernando Ortis（1881-1969）於1940年建立的拉美批判理論傳統，贊同後殖民研究主張的文化混血說法，但強調無論殖民者或被殖民者與他者接觸交融，都可能帶來自我創造性轉化。跨文化概念不僅可以打破傳統漢學研究的古典／現代、中華／域外、文史哲等學科的截然劃分，開創新局，對其他任何學科而言，也具有打破僵化界線的可能性。在呼籲跨文化漢學之際，將「弔詭共生」視為一種面對他者的倫理態度，或可提供學術與知識實踐的一個思考方向。

The transcultural turn of sinology is irreversible. This paper explores the significance and implications of transcultural studies. Then, it points out that the key to the development of Chinese history is “the paradoxical co-living of self and other,” a concept that entails an ethical attitude toward what is foreign to us. The self-transformation of a culture depends on the co-living of self and other.
Transculturation is a Latin American critical theory established by the Cuban anthropologist Fernando Ortis (1881-1969) in1940. In tune with the postcolonial concept of cultural hybridity, transculturation emphasizes, however, the creative self-transformation of a culture (including both the colonizer and the colonized) encountering others. Breaking the classical/modern, Chinese/foreign, literature/history/philosophy divides of traditional sinology, transculturation opens up new visions of research. Other disciplines can also benefit from this concept and break down silos. The rise of transcultural sinology, with the paradoxical co-living of self and other as the ethical attitude, may lead to an academic culture of praxis.