護理人員憂鬱程度及其相關因素之探討

Depression Level and Its Associated Factors in Nurses

本研究目的為：（1）瞭解護理人員工作壓力、社會支持、憂鬱程度之概況，（2）探討護理人員個人基本資料、工作壓力、社會支持與憂鬱程度的關係。研究對象來自高高屏地區三所醫學中心護理人員，採分層、集群隨機抽樣法，有效樣本共計250人。研究工具為一結構性問卷，內容包括四部份：個人基本資料、護理人員壓力量表、社會支持量表及貝克憂鬱量表。由分析結果發現：（1）研究對象重度憂鬱、中度憂鬱、輕度憂鬱之比率分別為4.8%、7.6%、22%。（2）研究對象整體工作壓力總分平均為147.74（標準差49.81），遠大於過去文獻之發現。（3）研究對象之社會支持平均分數為89.62（標準差13.15）。（4）護理人員工作資歷越長、有宗教信仰、工作壓力較大者，其憂鬱程度會越嚴重。透過本研究結果，筆者提出對護理人員及醫院主管之具體建議，期使護理人員在心理狀態健康下，更能扮演好其專業角色，造福病人。

The purposes of this study were (1) to understand the job stress, social support and level of depression in nurses and (2) to investigate factors associated with the level of depression among these nurses. The subjects were 250 nurses from three medical centers in Kaohsiung and Pingtung. They were sampled with the stratified cluster random sampling method. The questionnaire used in the study consisted of four sections: personal information, job stress scale, social support scale and Beck Depression Inventory. The results of this study showed that: (1) The percentage of subjects with severe depression (BDI score 29-63), moderate depression (BDI score 20-28) and mild depression (BDI score 14-19) were 4.8%, 7.6% and 22%, respectively. (2) The mean score of the subjects' total job stress was 147.74 (SD=49.81) which was higher than previous findings using the same scale. (3) The mean score of the subjects' social support was 89.62 (SD=13.15). (4) Nurses who were senior, with religious beliefs and with greater job stress suffered higher level of depression. Based on the results, we made recommendations to the nursing staff and their supervisors in the hospitals with the hope that the nursing staff can play a better professional role under a sound mental condition.