少年憂鬱情緒的危險與保護因子之相關性研究

A Study on Risk and Protective Factors of Adolescent Depressive Mood

本論文試圖突破過去以探究各種危險因子對少年憂鬱情緒之影響為主的研究限制，嘗試同時考量少年之父母、同儕與家外成人支持等正向保護因子對憂鬱情緒的影響，並檢視這些保護因子對危險因子所能產生的緩衝作用與本質。綜合國外近幾年相關的研究結果，本研究檢視低自尊、父母衝突與家庭經濟壓力等危險因子，以及父母支持、同儕支持與家外成人支持等保護因子對一般在學少年憂鬱情緒的解釋力。研究母體為台灣地區國中與高職之在學生，於北、中、南、東四區，以部分多階段叢集隨機之抽樣方法進行取樣，並透過集體填寫問卷方式蒐集資料，全面扣除遺漏資料後所得總樣本數為1,549人、佔調查總樣本數的64.4%。本研究採多元迴歸分析法，並藉由檢測保護因子與危險因子間的交互作用來驗證理論架構。研究結果顯示：除了性別與年齡，低自尊、父母衝突與家庭經濟壓力等危險因子以及保護因子中的同儕支持均能解釋少年憂鬱情緒。在緩衝作用方面，家外成年人的支持能緩衝低自尊對少年憂鬱情緒的負面影響，而同儕支持則能緩衝家庭經濟壓力對少年憂鬱情緒的負面影響。本研究最後根據以上重要發現進行討論，並建議強化少年同儕與家外成年人的支持系統，以及對國內少年憂鬱情緒進行全面與例行的評估行動。

Taiwan's studies regarding adolescent depressive mood focus mostly on risk factors, Conversely, studies focused on protective factors to help reduce risks are few. In order to fill this gap, this study explores the influence of protective factors on adolescent depressive mood in Taiwan and examines how protective factors can moderate risks associated with depressive mood. This study proposed that protective factors can moderate exposure to risk factors, resulting in reduced incidence of depressive mood. Data of this study were collected by means of questionnaires administered in group settings. Two thousand four hundred and six adolescents participated in this study, about 64.4% (n= 1,549) with completed information were included in the final analysis, using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Findings indicate that in addition to age and gender, low self-esteem, parental conflict, and perceived family economic strain are risk factors that can significantly explain adolescent depressive mood. Peer support is the only significant protective factor in explaining adolescent depressive mood. As for the moderating effect, support from adults can somewhat moderate the negative effects of low self-esteem on depressive mood, while peer support moderates perceived family economic strain. Based on these findings, services that help to increase adolescents' peer and social support should be developed. In addition, the evaluation of depressive mood among adolescents should be done for early intervention.