民眾的政府貪腐程度認知對分階段考試態度的影響：以信任用人機關程度作為中介變數   全文下載

Impact of Perceived Bureaucratic Corruptibility on Citizen Attitudes Toward Phased Civil Service Exams: Mediating Role of Trust in Hiring Agencies

臺灣公務人員考選多採單一知識性筆試，許多專家批評其缺乏考選效度，因此近年來出現要求改革的訴求。然而，改革進程緩慢，一些文獻歸咎原因出自社會大眾普遍重視考選制度的形式公平而排斥改革。可是，這種論點缺乏直接的實證基礎，為彌補此一不足，本文採用問卷調查法，探索民眾對研議中的新制度（分階段考試）的態度，並嘗試了解其中的影響因素。本文調查對象為18歲（含）以上的臺灣民眾，問卷建置在SurveyCake網上平台，並委託學術問卷代發公司隨機發送給符合本研究調查資格的受試者填寫，最後回收645份有效問卷。本研究使用PROCESS Macro for SPSS，以「政府貪腐程度認知」作為自變數，「信任用人機關程度」作為中介變數，以及「對分階段考試態度」為依變數進行中介分析。整體而言，研究數據反映出受試民眾對分階段考試的態度其實頗為正向，並不排斥分階段考試。至於影響對分階段考試態度之原因，本文的研究結果顯示用人機關信任度完全中介民眾的政府貪腐程度認知對分階段考試態度的影響，也就是政府貪腐程度認知越高，對用人機關信任度越低，連帶降低對分階段考試的支持，此一結果反映出改革能否順利推動將取決於制度設計能否取得民眾對用人機關的信任。

In Taiwan, civil service recruitment predominantly relies on a knowledge-based written examination, which has been criticized by many experts for its limited validity in selection processes. This criticism has spurred calls for reform in recent years, but the process has been slow-moving. Some literature posits that a contributing factor to this inertia is the societal emphasis on formal equality in civil service recruitment, leading to resistance against change. Nevertheless, no direct empirical evidence supports this assertion. To fill the void, this study aims to investigate public attitudes toward reforms of the civil service examination and to identify the underlying reasons for such attitudes. The research employed a survey methodology targeting individuals aged 18 and above, utilizing the SurveyCake online platform to facilitate the questionnaire. The survey was randomly disseminated through a distribution company that sent the survey link to respondents meeting the study’s criteria. A total of 645 valid responses were obtained. The study employed the PROCESS macro for SPSS to conduct a mediation analysis, wherein“perceived bureaucratic corruptibility”served as the independent variable,“trust in hiring agencies”the mediator, and“attitudes toward phased exams”the dependent variable. Overall, the data indicate a generally positive attitude among the surveyed citizens towards phased exams. Moreover, the findings reveal that perceived bureaucratic corruptibility significantly impacts attitudes toward phased exams, with trust in hiring agencies functioning as a full mediator. Specifically, higher levels of perceived bureaucratic corruptibility are associated with diminished trust in hiring agencies, which subsequently reduces positive attitudes toward phased exams. This underscores the critical priority of civil service examination reform, which is to enhance policy design aimed at establishing trust in hiring agencies.