公共事務大學生的公共部門職業偏好影響因素分析：基於新加坡與中國的比較研究

Public Affairs Students’Government Career Preference: Comparing China and Singapore

公共部門職業偏好是公共組織行為領域的研究熱點之一。大量研究指出，工作特徵和個人價值觀是影響公共部門職業偏好的重要因素。本研究採用比較視角，分析來自兩個東亞國家—中國與新加坡—的公共事務學生的職業動機。我們識別出五項影響公共事務學生職業選擇的主要動機，分別是：利他主義、對工作穩定性的渴望、重視高薪、對工作自主性的需求，以及成長與自我發展的機會。在整體樣本中，這些因素皆是影響學生選擇政府工作的顯著預測指標。然而，這些因素的影響程度，特別是在重視高薪、工作自主性需求，以及成長與自我發展機會方面，在兩個國家間有所不同。例如，對工作自主性的需求對公共部門偏好的負面影響，在新加坡學生中比中國學生更為明顯。相反地，成長與自我發展機會與公共部門偏好之間的負相關性，在中國樣本中強於新加坡樣本。此外，在新加坡樣本中，重視高薪與對成長與發展的渴望這兩項因素與公共部門偏好呈現正相關；而在中國樣本中，這兩項因素則呈現負相關。最後，本研究也提供了一些理論與實務上的建議。

Contemporary research reveals that distinctive job features and personal values, particularly within the public sector, play a pivotal role in influencing career preferences. This research adopts a comparative angle by analysing the job motivators of public affairs students from two East Asian countries, China and Singapore. We identified five key motivators influencing career preferences, namely altruism, the desire for job security, valuing a high salary, need for job autonomy, and opportunity for growth and development. Across the aggregate sample, each of these factors emerged as important predictors of students’preference for government employment. However, the extent of their influence varies across the two sample countries. Findings suggested that the negative impact of the need for job autonomy on public sector preference was more pronounced among Singaporean than Chinese students. Conversely, the negative association between the opportunity for growth and development and public sector preference was stronger in the Chinese than Singaporean sample. Additionally, valuing high salary and opportunity for growth and development increased the likelihood of preferring public sector careers among the Singaporean sample, whereas both factors showed a negative correlation in the Chinese sample. These findings are followed by some theoretical and practical implications.