城鄉高齡者社會人口因素與久坐行為及身體活動量之研究

The association between sociodemographic factors and sedentary behavior, physical activity in urban and rural older adults

長時間久坐與身體活動量不足已成為影響高齡者健康的危險因素，此外，不同居住型態所形成的城鄉差距亦被視為是影響人類發展個體行為的原因之一，因此本研究目的在瞭解城市與鄉村地區高齡者社會人口因素與久坐行為及身體活動量之關係並進一步分析城市與鄉村地區的差異。本研究採電話訪問調查方式，針對臺北市及嘉義縣65歲以上高齡者進行分層隨機抽樣，抽樣1068人，有效樣本數為983人，電訪問卷以自陳式量表進行，其資料蒐集包括：社會人口因素、久坐時間及身體活動量等，並以描述性統計、無母數檢定及二元邏輯斯迴歸進行統計分析。結果發現，臺北市高齡者身體活動量較高；臺北市年齡較長及女性高齡族群較容易身體活動量不足；嘉義縣有全職工作及BMI肥胖高齡族群較容易身體活動量不足；嘉義縣年齡較輕、低教育程度、獨居及肥胖高齡族群較容易久坐；嘉義縣低教育程度高齡族群較容易久坐。結論：（一）改善居住地區不同而衍生出的健康問題，可優先針對鄉村高齡者規畫提升身體活動量之策略，幫助減少久坐問題。（二）未來如欲進行健康促進政策應先針對目標族群進行篩選，避免形成介入資源的浪費。

Sedentary behavior and physical inactivity are the risk factor affecting the health of older adults. In addition, the urban-rural gap formed by different living patterns is also considered to be one of the factors affecting individual behavior in human development. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between sociodemographic factors and sedentary behavior and physical activity of older adults in urban and rural areas. The present study using stratified random sampling, we recruited 1,068 older adults aged 65 years and above to answer a questionnaire (valid sample: 983). The telephone questionnaire was conducted using a self-report scale. The data collected included: socio-demographic factors, sedentary time, and physical activity. Descriptive statistics, non-parameter tests, and binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. The telephone questionnaire was conducted using a self-report scale, and the data collected included sociodemographic factors, sedentary time, and physical activity. Descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests, and binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that the elderly in Taipei City had a higher level of physical activity; the older and female elderly in Taipei City were more likely to have insufficient physical activity; the elderly with full-time jobs and obese BMI in Chiayi County were more likely to have insufficient physical activity; the younger, less educated, living alone and obese elderly in Chiayi County were more likely to be sedentary; and the elderly with low education levels in Chiayi County were more likely to be sedentary. To improve the health problems arising from different residential areas, we can prioritize strategies to increase physical activity for the elderly in rural areas to help reduce the problem of sitting for long periods of time. In the future, if we want to implement health promotion policies, we should first screen the target groups to avoid wasting intervention resources.