建構素養導向學習活動設計框架：以「素養學習四部曲」發展設計思考素養

A Four-Phase Design Framework for Competence-Oriented Learning Activities to Develop Design Thinking Competence

本研究建構素養導向的學習活動設計框架--「素養學習四部曲」（體驗、統整、反思、應用），並以之深化師資生設計思考的理解與應用能力。研究採設計研究法，以「設計思考工作坊」進行研究介入，以了解四部曲對師資生學習設計思考的影響。結果顯示，大多數師資生由的「生手」進展至「通曉者」或「應用者」等級，過程中四部曲扮演關鍵鷹架角色：「體驗」活動發展情境理解與問題意識;統整活動協助發展系統化理解，反思活動指引修正方向、促進內化;應用活動促進知識遷移。本研究回應素養活動設計理論之不足，並提供具體設計思考素養教學模式。

In this study, a four-phase model for competence-oriented learning activities (experience, synthesis, reflection, and application) was developed to deepen preservice teachers’understanding and application of design thinking. Through a design-based research approach, a design thinking workshop was implemented to investigate how the four-phase model influences the development of design thinking in preservice teachers. Most workshop participants advanced from novice to proficient or practitioner levels. The model served as key scaffolding throughout the learning process. Experience activities fostered contextual understanding and problem awareness, synthesis activities supported systematic understanding development, reflection activities guided revisions and promoted internalization, and application activities facilitated knowledge transfer. This study addresses the limitations of current competence-oriented instructional design theories, offering a concrete pedagogical model for the cultivation of design thinking competence.