規範性權力仍然有效？理論分析與我國製造業問卷對歐盟產業政策的回應

Is Normative Power Still Valid? Theoretical Explanations and the Responses of Taiwan’s Manufacturing to the EU’s Industrial Policies

歐盟「規範性權力」（Normative Power）概念源自歐盟東擴計畫，檢視歐盟堅持普世價值並藉以推行各項對外政策成果，多著眼於法政與自由貿易協議而產業政策較為少見，因為歐盟產業政策本是新近議題。本文建構一個歐盟同時追求既有價值原則，同時面對近期經濟安全去風險趨勢與追求經濟繁榮的「不可能三角」理論，說明目前面對地緣政治與供應鏈變動衝擊，兼以成員國立場不一致下，堅持「規範性權力」推行普世價值難度增加，將提升歐盟政策選擇的不確定性。我們以臺灣製造業上市櫃公司問卷結果進行驗證，證明歐盟以價值包裝但遂行特定產業目標的政策，影響力雖仍不及美、中但已屬前所未有。然而實質內容朝自利傾斜的政策能否被計入「規範性權力」效果，有待進一步討論。

“Normative Power”originates from the EU's enlargement, emphasizing the commitment to universal values and its achievements in implementing various foreign policies. This concept mainly focuses on legal-political matters and free trade agreements, while industrial policy is less prominent, as it is a relatively recent issue for the EU. This paper constructs a theoretical framework of the“impossible trinity,”wherein the EU simultaneously pursues its established value principles, addresses recent trends in economic security and de-risking, and seeks economic prosperity. Given the current geopolitical landscape and disruptions in supply chains, along with the inconsistency in member states’positions, maintaining“Normative Power”and promoting universal values have been increasingly challenging, thereby adding uncertainty to the EU’s policy choices. Using survey results from publicly listed Taiwanese manufacturing companies, we validate that while the EU employs value-based narratives to pursue specific industrial policy goals, its influence, though still trailing behind the U.S. and China, is unprecedented. However, whether policies that lean toward self-interest can still be considered an effect of“normative power”would need further discussions.