俄羅斯的網路主權概念之發展立法及未來之影響

The Development, Legislation, and Future Implications of Russia’s Concept of Internet Sovereignty

網路數位科技的快速發展改變了政府與公民互動的方式，賦予國家施加控制的新方式，越來越多的國家正在引入自己國家的網路主權概念。俄羅斯「主權網路法」於2019年11月1日生效，該法案授權「俄羅斯聯邦通訊、資訊科技和大眾傳媒監督局」（Roskomnadzor）監控全國個人網路跟公用網路的運作，只要遇到緊急狀況，俄國政府主管機構可以主動切斷與外界的聯繫，建立一個獨立於全球網路之外運作的國家網路。自從2022年俄烏戰爭爆發後，俄羅斯政府越來越多地利用網路數位技術作為控制工具，為維護其線上空間的主導地位並加強其控制，俄羅斯對網路言論的限制更加嚴格、監控力度加大，以及旨在透過嚴格法律的通過遏制異議。因此，本研究目的即是研究網路主權對俄羅斯的意涵、自2012年後網路主權的發展、立法與未來影響，並分析2022年俄烏戰爭後俄羅斯網路控制更形嚴峻之走向。

The rapid development of digital network technologies has transformed the way governments interact with citizens, and has been providing states with new means of exercising control. An increasing number of countries have been introducing their own concepts of internet sovereignty. Russia’s“Sovereign Internet Law”came into effect on November 1, 2019. This law authorizes the“Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media”(Roskomnadzor) to monitor the operation of both private and public networks nationwide. In the event of an emergency, Russian government authorities are empowered to proactively sever external connections and establish a national network that operates independently of the global internet. Since the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022, the Russian government has increasingly utilized digital network technology as a tool of control. To maintain its dominance in the online space and strengthen its grip, Russia has intensified restrictions on online speech, expanded surveillance efforts, and passed stringent laws aimed at suppressing dissent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the implications of internet sovereignty in Russia, examine the development, legislation, and future impact of internet sovereignty since 2012, and analyze the increasingly stringent trajectory of Russia’s internet control following the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War.