Analysis of the KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA mutation profile in non-sessile serrated adenomas or polyps in large hyperplastic polyps

Analysis of the KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA mutation profile in non-sessile serrated adenomas or polyps in large hyperplastic polyps

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Taiwan. Because of the negative diagnosis of malignant polyps, the risk of interval CRC continues to increase resulting in the increment of diagnosed colon cancer. This study analyzed the hypervariable mutation region of oncogenes KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA through high-sensitivity amplification gene sequencing and determined the specific genotypes of polyps among people living in central Taiwan.
Methods: All the patients were obtained from Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (Taichung, Taiwan). Sample collected with DNA extraction from patients’s block sections and DNA sequencing the gene mutation of PCR products. The FemtoPath Primer Set was used to detect the mutation of BRAF exon 15, KRAS exon 2, and PIK3CA exons 9 and 20 in large hyperplastic polyps.
Results: In the results, sixty patients with 82 polyps were examined, and the polyps had the following rates of gene mutations: 9% BRAF exon 15, 28% KRAS exon 2, 3% PIK3CA exon 9, and 22% PIK3CA exon 20. BRAF exon 15 and PIK3CA exon 9 mutation was present in patients older than 50 years to a significant degree. KRAS exon 2 mutation was detected at a significant level on the right side of the colon. PIK3CA exon 9 mutation was present on high-dysplasia colon polyps to a significant degree. Conclusion: the tumor samples exhibited BRAF, KRAS, and PIK3CA mutation. The type of colon polyp exhibited no significant correlation to BRAF, KRAS, and PIK3CA mutation.