「三言」、「二拍」、「一型」結構體制的建構

The Construction of the Structural System of“San Yan,”“Er Pai,”and“Yi Xing”

「三言二拍一型」從通俗文學讀物的小說家話本到作為書面文學文體的白話短篇小說的獨立，又進一步走向篇章體制規範謹嚴、藝術構造圓融成熟。若分別從選材、內容架構、敘事方法等來研究，可以看出馮夢龍、凌濛初、陸人龍三位作家在思想背景、經歷、交友、仕宦及迎合讀者的閱讀心理的影響下如何匠心經營小說的創作？前人學者分別就「三言」、「二拍」，或者單獨討論《型世言》在人物題材或主題式內容及敘事方法，從相關材料的整理、歸納中，分析其中寫作特色。本文研究的目的希望進而從宏觀的角度審視「三言二拍一型」之間的聯繫，及結構體制的建構過程的演化，了解三位小說作者對於話本小說文體的掌握與新變，並從中了解其演化發展的軌跡及後來的話本小說如何從「演變」中來創新與突破。

“San Yan, Er Pai, and Yi Xing”has evolved from a novelist’s story, as a form of popular literature, to vernacular short stories as an independent genre of written literature, further developing a rigorous and standardized chapter system and a harmonious and mature artistic structure. If we study the selection of material, the structure of content, and narrative method, for example, can we see how the three writers, Feng Menglong, Ling Mengchu, and Lu Renlong, ingeniously created their novels under the influence of their ideological background, experience, friendships, official duties, as well as their efforts to cater to readers’psychology? Previous scholars have discussed the character themes or thematic content and narrative methods of“Xingshiyan”separately from“San Yan”and“Er Pai,”analyzing their respective writing characteristics by sorting and summarizing relevant materials. The purpose of this study is to examine the connection between“San Yan, Er Pai, and Yi Xing”and the evolution of the construction process of the structural system from a macro perspective in order to understand the mastery and new changes of the script novel style by the three novelists. In this way, we seek to understand the trajectory of their evolution and development and how subsequent vernacular novels innovated and made breakthroughs through the process of“evolution.”