民主正當性的概念及其文化起源：論述胡佛與朱雲漢院士的學術貢獻

The Concept of Democratic Legitimacy and Its Cultural Origins: On the Scholarly Contributions of Prof. Fu Hu and Yun-han Chu

胡佛與朱雲漢院士兩位學者，是臺灣經驗性政治文化研究的先驅者。他們兩人的研究對象不只包括臺灣，1990年代後拓展到兩岸三地政治文化的比較研究。進入21世紀後，更建立全球知名的「亞洲民主動態調查」（Asian Barometer Survey）計畫，政治文化研究對象涵蓋整個亞洲國家，佔世界人口一半以上的調查。胡佛和朱雲漢院士兩人對政治文化的研究，主要是以（民主）價值體系的研究為主，後來被歸類民主正當性或民主支持的研究。其次，胡佛和朱雲漢院士兩人試圖解釋兩岸三地民主正當性或民主支持的文化來源，尤其是傳統價值對民主正當性或民主支持的影響，修正了現代化理論的觀點。最後，基於多年的研究基礎，他們挑戰西方對民主內涵的界定，透過對超過60個國家的調查，提出全球公民的民主認知具有多樣性，嚴重挑戰西方自由民主價值的傳統。

Fu Hu and Yun-han Chu were among the pioneers of empirical political culture research in Taiwan. Their scholarly inquiry extended beyond Taiwan, and from the 1990s onward, it expanded into comparative studies of political culture across the Greater China region. In the 21st century, they co-founded the internationally acclaimed Asian Barometer Survey, a comprehensive research project covering political culture in Asian countries that account for more than half of the world's population. Their research primarily focused on democratic value systems, later categorized as studies on democratic legitimacy and support for democracy. Furthermore, Hu and Chu sought to trace the cultural foundations of democratic legitimacy and democracy support across Taiwan, Hong Kong, and mainland China, with particular emphasis on the influence of traditional values-an approach that critically revised classical modernization theory. Drawing on this extensive empirical foundation, they ultimately challenged prevailing Western understanding of democracy. By analyzing data from over 60 countries, they argued for a variety understanding of democracy, thereby presenting a serious challenge to the normative dominance of Western liberal democratic values.