梶大介的親鸞思想及對毛澤東思想的挪用

Shinran Thought, Mao Zedong Thought, and Their Integration of Kaji Daisuke

1950至80年代日本東京都內山谷地區發生一連串騷亂，梶大介（1923-1993）是其中一名領袖。戰後復員並懷著親鸞（1173-1262）信仰的他致力解決山谷的貧窮等社會問題。隨著日本的左翼運動日趨熾熱，曾到訪文化大革命下的中國，梶大介的親鸞思想與毛澤東思想相遇並融合，激化了他的社會運動。本文是首篇分析梶大介的毛思想之研究，透過文獻研究，以梶大介的自傳、書信、文學作品、發表的文章，與當時的報章為原始材料，分析他如何憑親鸞思想挪用毛澤東思想。文章先從梶大介在山谷與文革中國經歷，考察他思想形成的軌跡，並探討他對親鸞思想的兩個重要概念：他力本願、惡人正機的詮釋；最後從他對親鸞的「眾生」與「他力本願」及毛澤東的「人民大眾」與「自力更生」的比較，分析懷著親鸞思想的梶，如何挪用毛澤東思想。
學者普遍認為，當時對毛澤東思想產生共鳴的日本人有其內緣的思想史原因，包括資本主義所帶來的公害問題、以武器供給形式參與越南戰爭使戰後一代產生反戰情緒等。但是，在這些與現代價值相關的理由中，梶大介的個案呈現出他如何同時以日本的傳統思想為由，吸納毛澤東思想，顯示出毛澤東思想在日本傳播的側面。

There were unstoppable riots break out in the Sanya area of Tokyo between the 1950s and 1980s. Kaji Daisuke (1923-1993), one of the riot leaders, came to Sanya after the war and, with his Shinran (1173-1262) belief, worked to solve Sanya’s social issues like poverty. As the left-wing movement across Japan became more radical, after the visit to China during the Cultural Revolution, Kaji’s social movement had been intensified by the integration of his Shinran thought and that of Mao Zedong. This is the first research on Kaji Daisuke’s Maoist thought. Using Kaji’s autobiography, letters, published articles, literature work as well as newspapers as primary sources, this paper analyzes how he appropriated Mao Zedong thought with his Shinran thought. Beginning with Kaji’s experience in the Sanya and the Cultural Revolution in China, this article first examines the trajectory of his thought formation, and explores his interpretation of the two vital concepts of Shinran thought, Tariki Hongan (primal vow by other power) and Akunin shōki (right spiritual capacity), and finally analyzes how Kaji, who embraced Shinran thought, integrated Mao Zedong thought through his comparison of Shiran’s Sattva and Tariki Hongan with Mao Zedong’s idea of“people”and“self-reliance”respectively.
Scholars generally agree that the Japanese who resonated with Mao Zedong thought at the time had their own internal intellectual and historical reasons, including the problem of major pollution diseases brought about by capitalism, and the fact that participation in the Vietnam War in the form of arms supplies created anti-war sentiments. Among these reasons related to modern values, the case of Kaji Daisuke, however, shows how he simultaneously absorbed Mao Zedong thought on the grounds of traditional Japanese thought, and shows the side of the dissemination of Mao Zedong thought in Japan.