影響五專護理科應屆畢業生就業意願因素──質性分析

Factors Influencing Employment Intentions Among Final-Year Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study

背景護理師在健康照護體系中扮演關鍵角色，然因受多重因素影響下，近年專科應屆護生投入臨床工作的意願顯著低於大學護理系畢業生，對人力供需平衡形成潛在挑戰。
目的研究旨在探討影響專科應屆畢業生就業意願之阻礙因素。
方法採質性研究設計，以立意取樣選取臺灣南部某護專應屆畢業生為研究對象，焦點團體座談資料以內容分析法分析。
結果2024年3月至12月共舉辦六場次，納入58位應屆畢業生參與。影響進入臨床工作阻礙為「護理專業認同感不足」、「學歷因素對護理職涯選擇的影響」、「負向臨床實習經驗」與「職場資源匱乏對就業意願影響」。
結論／實務應用專業認同度為影響護理畢業生就業意願的重要因素，且學歷背景與臨床學習經驗影響其職業自信。再者不友善工作條件進一步降低學生就業意願。為提升臨床護理人力留任率，應強化應屆畢業生的適應力與專業成就感，優化職場環境與教育銜接機制，並提升社會對護理專業認同，以提升就業意願。

Background: Nurses play a pivotal role in the healthcare system. Recent trends indicate final-year nursing students at junior colleges are less willing to enter clinical practice than their university counterparts, posing a potential threat to nursing workforce sustainability.
Purpose: This study was designed to examine the factors of influence on employment intention in final-year nursing students enrolled at junior colleges.
Methods: A qualitative research method was used, and final-year nursing students were purposively sampled from a junior college in southern Taiwan. Data were collected using focus group interviews and analyzed using content analysis.
Results: Six focus groups were conducted between March and December 2024 with a total of 58 participants. Four major themes related to barriers to joining clinical practice emerged, including (1) insufficient professional identity in nursing, (2) influence of educational background on career decision-making, (3) negative clinical internship experiences, and (4) perceived lack of workplace resources.
Conclusion/ Implications for Practice: Based on the interview findings, with regard to final-year nursing students, professional identity significantly influences intention to pursue a career in nursing, academic background and clinical learning experience are critical in shaping professional confidence, and unsupportive workplace environments negatively influence motivation to enter clinical practice. Therefore, strengthening the adaptability and sense of professional accomplishment in these nurses, improving workplace environments, establishing seamless education-to-practice transition mechanisms, and promoting societal recognition of the nursing profession are all essential factors in sustaining the nursing workforce.