國中、小學生台語文的識字量推估設計──以臺南地區為例

Design of Estimating Vocabulary Size in Taiwanese among Elementary and Junior High School Students: A Case Study in Tainan Area

識字能力是發展閱讀能力的基礎，而發展識字量表評估則為開發台語教材教法設計藍圖中不可或缺的一環。本研究研發台語識字測驗，首以臺南市國小415人、國中107人，共522名研究參與者。測驗結果顯示，「台語羅馬字測驗」和「詞頻字詞測驗」信度最佳，課本字詞測驗結果卻缺乏一致性與可信度。學生的羅馬字能力普遍低下；台文中的漢字是雙面刃，當台語和中文漢字一致時，雖然不懂台語讀音，但是能理解語意；相對地，當台、中文漢字語意不一致時，可能造成閱讀困難。以詞頻測驗推估分組平均識字量，低年級大約389~522字，中年級為1,001~1,096字，高年級為1,114~1,235字；國中台語識字量為953~1,095字。總結國中、小學生的台語識字量無法達到基礎用字的需求。

Developing reading skills requires word recognition abilities, and assessments of word recognition are essential for developing teaching materials and methods for Taiwanese. This study aimed to develop a Taiwanese word recognition test, with 522 participants including 415 elementary and 107 junior high school students in Tainan. The results showed that Taiwanese Romanized scripts and word frequency list items had the best reliability, while textbook items lacked consistency and credibility. Students' abilities to recognize Taiwanese Romanized script were generally low. Han characters in the Taiwanese writing system are a double-edged sword. When Taiwanese and Chinese words have similar meanings, students could understand those words without pronouncing them correctly. Conversely, reading difficulties were evident when for a character's meaning was inconsistent in Taiwanese and Chinese. The study estimated vocabulary size for each grade, dividing students into four groups: lower, middle, and higher grades of elementary school, and junior high school. The corresponding estimated vocabulary size ranges for each group were 389-522, 1101-1096, 1114-1235, and 953-1095 words, respectively. In conclusion, the Taiwanese word recognition levels of elementary and junior high school students fall short of the basic vocabulary size needed.