新移民是更好的移民官？種族貌相與代表性官僚

Are New Immigrants Better Immigration Officers? Racial Profiling and Representative Bureaucracy

少數族裔官僚是否能提供積極性代表？本文以移民署為例，結合種族貌相和代表性官僚理論，檢視執法部門中種族的消極與積極代表和種族貌相實例之間的聯繫來檢驗這個問題。透過配對比較法及訪談結果發現，不論是在態度上或是行為上，新住民移民官都比臺灣本土移民官展現較高程度的積極代表性。本土移民官普遍存在種族貌相的情況，除了傾向於將東南亞外來者與低階勞動者、違法犯罪等概念相連結，東南亞籍外來者明顯比歐美籍外來者更容易被懷疑為非法身分，且對東南亞籍對象所使用的語言和態度較缺乏尊重、禮貌和友善，在執法過程中也較容易對其使用強制力、限制性或不利的措施。
相較之下，新住民移民官比較不會敵視東南亞外來者且更有同理心，在實際執法過程或使用自由裁量權時，亦能減少對東南亞人種族貌相的差別待遇，對他們較友善、更有責任感、也更願意替他們爭取利益或協助發聲，印證了代表性官僚理論最為關注的人口特質變數（種族）在臺灣的適用性，也為我國的代表性官僚研究向前推進了一步。

Do minority bureaucrats provide active representation? The study addresses this question by examining the link between negative and positive representation of race in National Immigration Agency and instances of racial profiling. Literature from two areas—racial profiling and representative bureaucracy—is brought together. Through in-depth interview and paired-comparison method, it was found that new immigrant immigration officers show a higher degree of positive representation than native immigration officers, both in attitude and behavior. Racial profiling is common among native immigration officers：In addition to linking Southeast Asians with concepts such as low-level laborers and illegal crimes, foreigners from Southeast Asia are much more likely to be suspected than those from Europe and North America by native immigration officers. They are less respectful, polite and friendly toward Southeast Asians, and more easily to use coercive, restrictive and less favorable measures against them. On the contrary, new immigrant immigration officers are less hostile against Southeast Asians and more empathy toward them. They also reduce discriminations of racial profiling against Southeast Asians in the process of law enforcement or discretion, and are more friendly, responsible and willing to advocate for interests of Southeast Asians. The findings confirm that the most important demographic variable (race) in representative bureaucracy theory are applicable in Taiwan, and also make a step forward for Taiwan’s representative bureaucracy research.