蔣中正的柱石論初探

An Exploratory Research about Chiang Kai-shek’s Essays on Sino-centrism

本文的「柱石論」指的是蔣介石對孫中山「大亞洲主義」的承襲與重新詮釋，尤其著重在中國國族地位復興之後所應有的責任，在措辭上也謹慎地避免中國成為新霸權的不當聯想。因為蔣中正經常以「柱石」比喻中國的關鍵地位與責任，本文特以柱石論名之。
由對日抗戰期間柱石論的醞釀與發展，可以管窺蔣中正在戰時對於戰後國際秩序遠景的設想。大致上，柱石論承襲了大亞洲主義的精髓，包括亞洲民族聯合、濟弱扶傾的王道民族主義等要素。但是，隨著孫中山逝世後國際霸權秩序的急遽變化和地緣政治的位移，使他尤其看重美國的腳色，並以中、美霸權的相對關係為基礎來申說國際提攜與合作的必要；此外，也務實地訴諸經濟利益。

This paper discusses Chiang Kai-shek’s interpretations and inheritances of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Pan-Asianism. Especially, Chiang focused on China’s responsibilities for world peace when China revived its national status and carefully avoided an unnecessary illusion that China would becomea new hegemony. Such essays written during the 2ndSino-Japanese War reflected Chiang Kai-shek’s perspectives about the post-war world political orders. Those core ideas, inheriting from Pan-Asianism, include the union of the Asian peoples and jiruofuqing, helping the weak. However, due to the sudden change of the world hegemonic order and the geopolitical displacement, Chiang Kai-shek emphasized the key role of the United States in the future. Therefore, he tended to appeal the necessity of the Sino-American cooperation according to their relative hegemonic positions and economic interests.