苗栗四縣客家話單字調與陰平變調之聲學分析

An Acoustic Analysis of the Citation Tones and Yinping Tone Sandhi in Miaoli Sixian Hakka

本研究透過聲學來分析苗栗四縣客家話的6個單字調與陰平變調，並與傳統調查的結果相互比較，藉以瞭解兩種模式之間的差異。本研究的參與者為36名說苗栗四縣客家話的發音人，依據性別、年齡分成6組，每組6人。本研究首先收錄這36名發音人唸讀的單字調與陰平變調，接著採用PRAAT分析基頻長度（F0 duration）與基頻數值，之後再將基頻數值轉換為相應的五度制聲調T值，最後利用五度制聲調T值來計算基頻均值（F0 mean）與基頻斜率（F0 slope）。研究結果顯示，傳統調查與聲學分析在苗栗四縣客家話聲調的調形與調值呈現頗大的差異。再者，不論是單字調或陰平變調，基頻均值的性別差異顯著，但年齡差異並不明顯，而基頻斜率的性別與年齡差異均不顯著。根據分析結果，本研究針對聲學分析與傳統調查的差異、苗栗四縣客家話陽平調與陰平變調的差異、性別與年齡因素在聲調上的差異進行深入闡釋。最後，本研究也提出一些值得後續研究關注的相關議題。

This study acoustically analyzed six citation tones and Yinping tone sandhi in Miaoli Sixian Hakka (MSH) and compared the differences in tonal descriptions between acoustic analysis and traditional survey. Thirty-six speech informants, with MSH as their mother tongue, participated in this study. They were evenly divided into six groups based on gender and age. This study first collected speech recordings of their citation tones and Yinping tone sandhi, using PRAAT to measure F0 duration and F0 values. The F0 values were then transformed into five-point tonal T values, and the T values were utilized to calculate F0 means and F0 slopes of the target tones. The research results showed that there was a great difference in MSH tonal descriptions between acoustic analysis and traditional survey. Besides, for both MSH lexical tones and Yinping tone sandhi, significant differences in F0 mean were found for gender but not for age. However, no significant differences in F0 slope were found for either gender or age. Based on the results, this study explains the difference of tonal descriptions between acoustic analysis and traditional survey, the difference between Yangping tone and Yingpin tone sandhi, and the different effects of age and gender on MSH tones. Finally, this study also proposed related issues worthy of further research.