比例原則之回顧與展望－－以大法官解釋及憲法法庭判決為中心

A Review and Prospect of the Principle of Proportionality: Focusing on Taiwan Constitutional Court Interpretations and Decisions

相較於其他法律原則，比例原則有其特殊之處；其不僅是法律人於處理各類法律爭議問題時常運用之原則，亦是一般人民在討論公共議題時所時常援引之判斷標準或論述依據。雖然大法官已藉由相關解釋及判決之作成，而逐步塑造比例原則之樣貌並充實其具體內涵，同時亦深化其於個案中之具體運用情形。然而，對於應審酌何等因素以確定對於系爭法規範所應採行之審查標準，乃至於如何以所決定之審查標準具體運用比例原則以審查系爭法規範之合憲性等問題，仍有待大法官之持續發展。基此，本文即以2016年起至2024年憲法法庭作成憲法法庭113年憲判字第11號之判決為止之此段期間內，大法官運用比例原則所作成之解釋及判決為觀察及評析之對象。除觀察大法官於是類解釋及判決中對於比例原則之具體運用情形外，並將嘗試就是類解釋及判決對於與比例原則具體運用密切相關之問題所為之論理內容進行評析，以供學理及憲法審判實務後續討論及實際運作之參考。

Compared with other legal principles, the principle of proportionality holds a unique position. It is not only a doctrine frequently employed by legal professionals in resolving legal disputes but also a commonly invoked standard of judgment or basis of argumentation in public discourse. While the Grand Justices have, through their interpretations and decisions, progressively shaped the contours of the principle of proportionality, enriched its substantive content, and enhanced its application in individual cases, certain aspects remain subject to further development. These include the identification of relevant factors in determining the appropriate standard of review for the challenged legal provisions, as well as the methodology for applying the established standard to assess the constitutionality of such provisions in a concrete manner.
In light of this, this article examines and analyses the interpretations and decisions in which the Grand Justices have applied the principle of proportionality during the period from 2016 to TCC Judgment 113-Hsien-Pan-13 (2024). In addition to observing the specific application of the principle of proportionality in these cases, this study seeks to critically assess the reasoning contained in these interpretations and rulings concerning issues closely related to its practical implementation, with a view to contributing to academic discourse on the subject.