十六、十七世紀海內外閩南語雜字收錄詞彙的比較

A Comparison of Vocabulary Collected in 16th and 17th-Century Domestic and Overseas Hokkien Zazi

雜字是指將有一定關聯之詞分類彙集而編成之書。以閩南語書寫的雜字以《新刻增校切用正音鄉談雜字大全》最具代表性，該書是明代閩南方言區的人為了學習當時的官話而編著的一本方言與官話對照的詞彙集。十七世紀菲律賓的閩南語材料中，《佛郎機化人話簿》係閩南人為學習西班牙語而做，《華語—西班牙語辭典》則是西班牙傳教士為學習閩南語而整理的，二者雖未以「雜字」做為書名，但是編寫方式具備共同的特色：「分類編排，以詞為主，既不連屬成文，也不編成韻語」。這三者雖然都是以閩南語書寫、用來學習第二語言的雜字，隨著作者撰寫的目標不同，詞彙的選擇亦有不同；有些詞彙在當時的用法與現代閩南語不同，顯示這些語詞經歷了詞義或語法變化。

Zazi雜字refers to works compiled by categorizing and gathering words that share certain associations. Among such collections written in Hokkien, Xinke zengjiao qieyong zhengyin xiangtan zazi daquan新刻增校切用正音鄉談雜字大全(Newly Revised and Annotated Collection of Miscellaneous Characters in Mandarin and Hokkien) is the most representative. This book was compiled during the Ming Dynasty by people in the Hokkien-speaking regions to help them learn the official Mandarin of the time through a vocabulary collection contrasting Hokkien and Mandarin. In the 17th century, materials related to Hokkien from the Philippines included the Folangji huaren huabu佛郎機化人話簿, a dictionary for Hokkien speakers learning Spanish, while the Dictionarium Sino-Hispanicum was compiled by a Spanish missionary to learn Hokkien. Although neither of these works bears the title“zazi,”they share common characteristics in their compilation method: categorized arrangement, word-focused, without forming coherent texts or rhymed verses. Although all three works included Hokkien and were intended for learning a second language, the vocabulary selection varied according to the authors’respective goals. Some lexical items used at that time differ from modern Hokkien, indicating that these words have undergone semantic or grammatical changes over time.