型塑雙重組織格局：跨行政區劃司法管轄制度改革的反思與構造

司法管轄與行政區劃相重合是普通法院的基本設置模式。法院的人財物歸地方管理，容易受到地方保護主義幹擾。如何深化與行政區劃適當分離的司法管轄制度改革，在理論上存在全面重構與分類分層深化兩種模式。全面重構模式是對各類與行政區劃相分離的案件管轄情況作系統性調整，打破目前集中管轄模式的劃分，推動重新建立跨行政區劃法院組織體系。分類分層深化模式是在保持目前與行政區劃相分離的四種管轄類型基礎上進行漸進改革。這一模式聚焦於調整專門法院的跨行政區劃管轄，規範普通地方法院集中管轄，健全鐵路運輸法院集中管轄，深化跨行政區劃法院改革試點。這有助於實現重點突破和整體推進相統一，形成打破訴訟“主客場”現象的新型司法管轄模式，構造跨行政區劃法院與普通法院協同的法院雙重組織格局。

Judicial jurisdiction often overlaps with administrative divisions in ordinary court settings, where courts' personnel, finances, and resources are managed locally, leading to potential local protectionism interference. To reform the judicial jurisdiction system by appropriately separating it from administrative divisions, two theoretical models exist: comprehensive restructuring and categorical deepening. The comprehensive restructuring model involves systematic adjustments to cases separated from administrative divisions, breaking the current concentration jurisdiction model and promoting the establishment of a cross-administrative court organization system. The categorical deepening model, on the other hand, advocates for gradual reform based on the four existing types of jurisdiction separated from administrative divisions. This model focuses on adjusting cross-administrative jurisdiction in specialized courts, standardizing concentrated jurisdiction in ordinary local courts, improving concentrated jurisdiction in railway transport courts, and deepening pilot reforms in cross-administrative courts. This approach aims to achieve a balance between key breakthroughs and overall advancement, creating a new judicial jurisdiction model that addresses the“home and away”litigation issue and constructs a dual organizational pattern of cross-administrative courts and ordinary courts working in coordination.