從三維人格同一性探究人格權的客體

當今關於何為人格權的客體主要有人格、人格要素、人格利益等學說，這基本源自對此前一個多世紀多國立法及司法實踐的歸納與概括，持續的爭議表明該問題尚未解決。對人格權客體的探析須借鑒多學科知識，系統梳理人之所以成為人的基礎條件。在現代社會，自然人的存在同時具有生物、理性與社會維度，具有生物人、理性人與社會人三維人格。三維人格互相依存，共同構成人格整體。三維人格的基礎分別是遺傳同一性、心理同一性與社會同一性。自然人的三維人格同一性是其三維人格的基礎，能夠維護其完整人格利益和整體人格，是人格權的客體。基於自然人的三維人格同一性，就可理解尊嚴、安全、自由等人格價值的內涵，並對人格要素及其發展做出類型化分析。對人格權客體的科學界定有助於構建完整且合理的人格權體系。

Current theories on the object of personality rights mainly include concepts like personality, personality elements, and personality interests, reflecting a synthesis of international legislation and judicial practice over the past century. The ongoing debate indicates that the issue remains unresolved. To explore the object of personality rights, it is essential to draw on multidisciplinary knowledge and systematically understand the fundamental conditions that make a person what he is. In modern society, a natural person's existence encompasses biological, rational, and social dimensions, constituting a three-dimensional personality, i.e., the biological person, the rational person, and the social person. These three dimensions are interdependent and together form the entirety of personality. The foundation of this three-dimensional personality includes genetic identity, psychological identity, and social identity. The unity of these three dimensional identities is fundamental for maintaining comprehensive personality interests and constitutes the object of personality rights. Understanding the dignity, security, and freedom associated with personality values based on these three-dimensional identities can provide a typological analysis of personality elements and their development. A scientifically defined theory on the object of personality rights will expectedly contribute to constructing a complete and rational personality rights system.