數字文化產品市場准入的國際法規制

Regulation of Market Access for Digital Cultural Products through International Law

數字貿易中相當數量的數宇產品屬文化產品，即兼具經濟和文化雙重屬性的數字文化產品。在WTO多邊談判中，各成員對於文化產品市場准入存在的巨大分歧，致使WTO未能形成文化產品貿易的專門規則，但WTO規則對文化產品的市場准入仍可進行有限規制。在FTA中，數字文化產品市場准入通常存在兩種模式，分別是“非歧視待遇＋有限例外“模式和“文化例外＋文化合作議定書”模式，二者均具有一定的合理性。CPTPP和DEPA採用了笫一種模式，規定了數字產品的非歧視待遇，同時基於文化安全的考量規定了廣播例外。中國應統籌發展與安全，為數字文化產品市場准入爭取國內規制空間，同時逐步開放數字文化產品市場。

A considerable number of digital products in digital trade belong to cultural products, which are digital cultural products with both economic and cultural attributes. In the multilateral negotiations of the WTO, there are significant differences among members regarding market access for cultural products, which has prevented the WTO from forming specialized rules for cultural product trade. However, WTO rules can still provide limited regulation on market access for cultural products. In FTA, there are usually two modes of market access for digital cultural products, namely the“non-discriminatory treatment plus limited exceptions”mode and the“cultural exceptions plus cultural cooperation protocol”mode, both of which have certain rationality. CPTPP and DEPA adopt the first model, which stipulates non-discriminatory treatment for digital products, while also provides broadcasting exceptions based on cultural security considerations. China should coordinate development and security, strive for domestic regulatory space for market access of digital cultural products, and gradually open up the market of digital cultural products.