制度型開放的理論證成與實施路徑——以對接國際高標準經貿規則為視角

Theoretical Justification and Implementation Pathway of Institutional Openness: From the Perspective of Aligning with International High-standard Economic and Trade Rules

制度型開放具有豐富的內涵及深刻的時代意蘊，制度型開放聚焦於規則和制度層面的改革和創新，其實質是通過國內法的方式將國際經濟法的價值和原則制度化，是更高層次的主動開放和單邊開放，是以互認和積極的協調為基礎的開放。就其意義而言，制度型開放是建設更高水平開放型經濟新體制的重要內容，是適應國際經貿規則變化新趨勢的必然要求，是中國參與全球治理的重要途徑。制度型開放的總要求是構建與國際高標準經貿規則相銜接的制度體系和監管模式。具體而言，我國應在完善外資准入等國內規則體系的同時，在數字經濟等新興領域積極引領國際規則的構建；加強規制透明度的同時，通過互認、遵從良好規制實踐等促進國內規制的協調與合作；探索建立跨境服務貿易負面清單管理制度、對接《投資便利化協定》完善外資管理；通過標準聯通、互認等方式加強標準國際化方面的合作。

Institutional openness has rich connotations and profound contemporary implications. Focusing on reform and innovation at the level of rules and systems, in essence, it is the institutionalization of the values and principles of international economic law by means of domestic law; it is a higher level of proactive openness and unilateral openness; and it is openness on the basis of mutual recognition and positive harmonization. In terms of its significance and value, institutional openness is an important part of the construction of a new open economic system at a higher level, an inevitable requirement to adapt to the new trend of changes in international economic and trade rules, and an important way for China to participate in global governance. The general requirement of institutional openness is to build an institutional system and regulatory model that align with international high-standard economic and trade rules. Specifically, while improving foreign investment access and other domestic rules, China should actively lead the construction of international rules in emerging areas such as the digital economy; strengthen regulatory transparency, and promote cooperation and coordination in domestic regulation through mutual recognition and compliance with good regulatory practices; explore the establishment of a negative list management system for cross-border trade in services, and improve foreign investment management in line with the Agreement on Investment Facilitation; and strengthen cooperation in the internationalization of standards through standard linkage and mutual recognition.