評析「軍人權益事件處理法」

The Commentary on the Servicemember Relief Act

軍人權益事件處理法於2024年8月7日制定公布，歷經一年的準備，已於2025年8月6日施行。該法整合國軍多元併行的救濟管道，建立復審、申訴及再申訴的救濟制度，並於高等軍事法院設置勤務法庭，審理軍人與國家間公法上爭議的第一審行政訴訟；如不服勤務法庭裁判，得向高等行政法院高等行政訴訟庭提起上訴或抗告，均有助於軍法行政的法治與人權發展，扭轉國人對軍事法院的刻板印象。
本文比較軍人權益事件處理法與公務人員保障法有關復審、申訴及再申訴制度的差異，指出其優劣；分析軍事法院轉型審理行政訴訟事件的合憲性問題，以及強化審判獨立與透明化司法等配套的必要性；並就軍人權益救濟事件的訴訟類型、審判權爭議處理及起訴要件等問題為探討，期有助於新制施行後的實務運作及發展。

The Servicemember Relief Act was enacted and promulgated on August 7, 2024, and after one year of preparation, came into effect on August 6, 2025. The Act integrates previously fragmented and parallel channels of redress within the Armed Forces, establishing a unified mechanism of review, appeal, and re-appeal. It further institutes a Service Tribunal within the High Military Court to adjudicate, as the court of first instance, administrative litigation involving public-law disputes between military personnel and the State. Decisions rendered by the Service Tribunal may be challenged by way of appeal or interlocutory appeal before the High Administrative Litigation Division of the High Administrative Court. This reform not only advances the rule of law and human rights in military administration but also helps reshape public perceptions of military courts.
This study compares the system of review, appeal, and re-appeal under the Servicemember Relief Act with that of the Civil Service Protection Act, highlighting their respective advantages and shortcomings. It also addresses the constitutional concerns surrounding the transformation of military courts into forums for administrative litigation and underscores the need for complementary measures to safeguard judicial independence and enhance transparency. Furthermore, it explores issues related to the types of litigation in military personnel rights relief cases, the handling of jurisdictional disputes, and the prerequisites for filing actions. The analysis aims to provide insights that will facilitate the effective implementation and future development of the new system.