建築衛浴技術的變遷與躍昇，談建築整體衛浴認證制度的必要與推廣

The Evolution and Advancement of Bathroom Technology: Discussing The Necessity and Promotion of a Unit Bathroom Certification System

2019年末新冠病毒散播全球，防疫建築的概念更加受到重視，同時台灣更面臨缺工、人力資源上漲等情況，其中又以建築營造業為首，根據統計，2021年（疫情後）的營建工程業相比2019年（疫情前）的職缺增長了2.52個百分點，且在2022年的統計中每位求職者有12.25個工作機會，顯示營建業在人力資源上的短缺，在勞動力無法彌補的情況下，建築營造工法勢必要改變與優化，如台灣傳統衛浴空間設備系統設計以濕式主法為主，需要進行泥作、貼磚、防水施作等多項主序才能完成整個衛浴空間系統的安裝，且在設備及管線老化後需要透過敲磚破壞水泥等進行修繕，以延長浴室空閭設備的生命週期。

Since the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019, Taiwan's construction industry has faced severe labor shortages and rising costs, accelerating the shift toward modular and prefabricated building methods. Traditional wet-construction bathrooms require multiple on-site procedures and destructive maintenance, leading to higher time and lifecycle costs. In contrast, Unit Bathrooms (UB) are factory-produced and assembled on-site using modular bases, wall panels, and ceilings, offering higher construction efficiency, easier maintenance, reduced waste, and lower carbon emissions.
With the legalization of same-floor drainage in 2023, UB systems further reduce vector transmission risks, ownership disputes, and maintenance challenges. Although Taiwan introduced UB concepts from Japan as early as the 1970s, adoption was previously limited by user habits, regulatory gaps, and cost. Recent advancements in materials and prefabrication technologies, along with increasing applications in hospitals, residential buildings, and public housing, have led to renewed growth in the UB market.
However, Taiwan lacks a standardized framework to assess the performance, construction quality, and planning rationality of UB systems. This study consolidates literature and proposes a ''Performance and Quality Evaluation Standard for Unit Bathrooms, comprising four dimensions—structural safety, functional integrity, hygiene and health, and comfort and sustainability—with 16 evaluation factors. A 100-point scoring model is established, with 60 as the passing threshold and 80 as the premium grade. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is integrated to prevent critical defects from being overlooked, and Monte Carlo simulation verifies the grading model's validity.
In the context of building industrialization and drainage law reform, establishing a UB certification and assessment system is essential for improving product reliability, guiding public and residential adoption, and promoting sustainable development in Taiwan's built environment.