臺灣中部泰雅族家屋建築形式與居住文化變遷之探究

Exploration of the Architectural Forms and Residential Culture Changes of the Atayal Indigenous Houses in Central Taiwan

臺灣原住民文化豐富多彩，想要認識原住民，得從其文化、生活、居住等開始，本研究以臺中市和平區泰雅族居住生活切入，認識原住民建築文化，探討泰雅族家屋建構，從而了解泰雅族原住民文化。本研究試以文獻分析、田野調查與深度訪談法進行和平區泰雅族家屋研究，期能呈現泰雅族建築與其文化變遷之關聯，經仔細爬梳蒐羅前人研究及現場田野實地訪查，發現和平區原住民泰雅族家屋有4群，雖源自不同流域之別，但家屋空間及建造的內涵並無太大差別。其次，家屋建造材料差別在於，因地取材的不同，大甲溪流域以木材為主，大安溪流域以竹材為主，兩個流域皆有採用木、竹、茅草、石頭等材料作為屋頂、牆面，用石頭砌成矮牆的方式建造家屋之現象，再者，泰雅家屋內部空間設計以工法運用等變遷因素，與建築美學走向現代化呈現高度關聯，且文化傳承因現代化之故形成多樣演變形式。

Taiwan's indigenous cultures are rich and diverse. To understand indigenous peoples, one must begin with their culture, lifestyle, and housing. This study focuses on the residential lives of the Atayal people in Heping District, Taichung City, aiming to explore indigenous architectural culture, investigate the construction of Atayal dwellings, and thereby gain a deeper understanding of Atayal indigenous culture. Through literature review, fieldwork, and in-depth interviews, this research seeks to present the correlation between Atayal architecture and its cultural transformations. After carefully examining previous research and conducting field investigations, it was found that there are four groups of Atayal dwellings in Heping District. Although originating from different river basins, these dwellings exhibit similar spatial layouts and construction concepts. Furthermore, the construction materials of these dwellings vary, primarily due to the availability of local resources. In the Dajia River basin, wood is the primary material, while bamboo is predominantly used in the Dahan River basin. Both basins demonstrate the use of wood, bamboo, thatch, and stone for roofs and walls, as well as the construction of houses with stone-built low walls. Additionally, the interior space design of Atayal dwellings exhibits a high degree of correlation with the trends of modern architectural aesthetics, driven by factors such as changes in construction techniques. Moreover, cultural transmission has undergone diverse transformations due to modernization.