2020年9月至2024年6月臺灣沙波病毒流行病學調查

Epidemiological Investigation of Sapovirus, Taiwan, September 2020–June 2024

我國腹瀉群聚案件通報數逐年攀高，2024年初全臺因數起大型食品中毒案件爆發，造成民眾恐慌，導致通報案件及送驗檢體數大幅增加超越過往，然而在送驗的腹瀉檢體中，仍有接近4成比例的群聚案件在常規性檢驗中未檢出疑似病原。本研究收集2020年9月至2024年6月臺灣地區通報腹瀉群聚但例行性檢驗結果為陰性的驗餘檢體進行病原分子流行病學調查分析，結果在3,564件驗餘檢體中，共檢出256件沙波病毒陽性，陽性率約為7.2%。調查結果顯示在沙波病毒陽性的個案中好發族群以5歲以下嬰幼兒為最高，陽性率佔比高達51.6 %（132/256），發生場所以學校及人口密集機構為最多，分別為78.1%（200/256）以及11.3%（29/256），而且調查結果顯示流行的主要基因型別在監測期間由GI型轉變為GII型，之後更有零星GIV以及GV等型別被檢出，流行趨勢值得後續持續關注。

The number of diarrhea outbreaks reported in Taiwan has increased over the years. In early 2024, multiple large foodborne outbreaks occurred across the country, causing public concern and leading to a sharp rise in reported cases and specimen submissions for testing, surpassing previous levels. Routine testing found no suspected pathogens in nearly 40% of the stool specimens associated with these outbreaks. We analyzed residual specimens from outbreak-associated diarrhea cases reported in Taiwan during September 2020 to June 2024 that had tested negative in routine examinations to conduct a molecular epidemiological analysis of pathogens.
Among the 3,564 residual specimens tested, 256 (7.2%) were positive for sapovirus. Of these, 51.6% (132/256) were children aged five years or younger, making this age group the most affected. The most common outbreak settings were schools and congregate settings, accounting for 78.1% (200/256) and 11.3% (29/256) of cases, respectively. Furthermore, the investigation revealed that the predominant genotype shifted from GI to GII during the surveillance period, with sporadic detections of GIV and GV also observed. This evolving trend warrants ongoing monitoring.