翻譯的地緣政治學：以馬尼尼為《以前巴冷刀‧現在廢鐵爛：馬來班頓》為例

Geopolitics of Translation: On Maniniwei’s Dahulu parang sekarang besi: Pantun Melayu

本文以馬尼尼為的翻譯作品《以前巴冷刀‧現在廢鐵爛：馬來班頓》（2020）為例，探討翻譯活動與地緣政治之間的關係，具體來說是馬來西亞來台唸書之後落地生根的華裔族群，在台灣政府前後三波的新南向政策中，開始扮演推廣東南亞文學、教授南島語系語言，乃至在這個案例中翻譯馬來語作品的角色。正文首先處理馬尼尼為從馬來西亞到台灣的旅途及其創作歷程的多重身分，指出馬尼尼為的新移民女性身分標誌了馬華身分的範式轉移；繼而反向檢視台灣政府的新南向政策底下各種與東南亞語文教學、文學出版及翻譯的具體補助項目，論證政黨輪替如何為在台馬華工作者帶來新的文化資本轉移；接著進入《以前巴冷刀》一書中馬來班頓的翻譯策略分析，探詢作為「接觸地帶」的此項翻譯工程所牽涉的危機與契機，以及華語語系與南島語系的交叉糾葛與方向逆襲。本文結語提出另一種地緣政治的可能，不僅讓我們看見「馬華」的「華」，更讓我們看見「馬華」的「馬」。

Taking Maniniwei’s Dahulu parang sekarang besi: Pantun Melayu (2020) as example, this article explores the relationship between translation and geopolitics. Specifically, the ethnic Chinese community who have come from Malaysia to study, and then settle, in Taiwan have begun to play the roles of promoting Southeast Asia literature, teach Austronesian languages, and translate Malay-language literature under three implementations of the New Southbound Policy. The article first deals with the multiple identities marking Maniniwei’s sojourn from Malaysia to Taiwan and her creative journey, arguing that her status as a new female immigrant signals a paradigm shift in the Malaysian-Chinese identity in Taiwan. It then traces the reverse journey of Taiwan government’s New Southbound Policy and its related sponsorship of Southeast Asian language teaching programs, literary publications as well as translations to show how cultural capital has transformed for the Malaysian- Chinese. The article next analyzes the strategies of translating Dahulu parang sekarang besi, and explores the perils and opportunities of this translation project as a“contact zone”as well as the entanglements between Sinophone and Austronesian linguistic systems. The conclusion calls for a different kind of geopolitics that enables us to not only see the“Chinese”but also the“Malaysia”in Malaysian-Chinese culture.