為夫為父的陶淵明——性別、文本、形象與評價

Tao Yuan-ming as a Husband and Father: Gender, Text, Image, and Evaluation of Roles

關於古代中國男性如何扮演家庭角色，文獻記載相當貧乏；男性對家庭角色的自我定位，不同角色間如何取捨轉換，以及文化如何給予評價等課題，也還存在許多研究上的空白。本文嘗試利用陶淵明較為豐富的詩文、傳記與評論材料，以陶淵明為個案，结合歷史與文化脈絡，考察男性的家庭角色扮演，以及形象建構與文化評價。首先，系統性的分析陶淵明詩文中自我勾勒展示的父親形象與夫妻關係；其次，比較四篇陶傳如何調節陶淵明為夫為父的面貌，以凸顯側重有別的隱士形象；同時，透過對比女性角色的評價視角，檢討傳統中國文化如何書寫、評價男性的人倫角色。

Men’s family lives and their role enactments have been seldom documented in ancient Chinese literature. Key issues such as men’s self-positioning within the family, their negotiation and transition between different roles, and the cultural evaluation of these roles remain understudied. This article takes Tao Yuan-ming (陶淵明) as a case study and draws on his relatively rich corpus of poetry, biographies, and commentaries. By situating these materials within their historical and cultural contexts, the study explores how men’s familial roles were enacted, how male images were constructed, and how these roles were culturally assessed. It first offers a systematic analysis of Tao Yuan-ming’s self-representation as a father and his relationship with his wife as depicted in his poetry. It then compares four major biographies of Tao Yuan-ming to examine how his roles as husband and father were shaped and adjusted in accordance with differing emphases on his image as a recluse. Furthermore, by contrasting the evaluation of female roles, the article critically reflects on how traditional Chinese culture represented and assessed the ethical roles assigned to men.