法國媒體之女性運動員意象分析：法國專家、記者與運動員的觀點

The portrayal of female athletes in the French media: Perspectives of French experts, journalists, and athletes

緒論：自1900年法國巴黎舉辦奧運會允許女性參賽以來，女性參與運動的情形已有顯著進展。一個世紀之後，在同一個城市，2024年的奧運會實現了性別平衡。儘管運動領域在實現性別平等方面取得進展，女性運動員仍然面臨諸多障礙，其中之一，就是她們在媒體中的樣貌呈現。在此背景下，本研究聚焦法國現況，探析女性運動員在媒體中的形象呈現。方法：透過深度訪談方式進行資料蒐集，訪談對象為運動領域和媒體領域的參與者，包括：10名運動員和5名媒體/學術相關專業人士，針對探討議題提供不同的觀點和見解。結果：性別標記與刻板印象的轉變、性別主義與性化在法國媒體中的呈現、女性運動員面臨符合女性化規範的壓力，以及女性在運動媒體中的低度媒介化。結論：法國媒體在描繪女性運動員方面有著正向發展，像是女性在運動中的能見度顯著提高，尤其在傳統男性相關的運動項目中，女性運動員的性化呈現有所減少。雖然如此，仍需要進一步的進展，消除性別刻板印象、改善社會形象，從而實現媒體中的真正平等。

Introduction: Women’s participation in sports has come a long way since they were allowed to compete in the 1900 Olympic Games in Paris, France. More than a century later, and in the same city, the 2024 Games has achieved gender parity. Despite the progress towards gender equality in sport, female athletes still face several obstacles, including their portrayal in the media. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to provide an empirical insight into how female athletes are portrayed in the media, focusing on the current situation in France. Methods: Data were collected through indepth interviews conducted with a variety of French participants, including ten athletes and five media/academic related professionals involved in the field of sport, who provided various perspectives and insights on the topic. Results: The results are fourfold as follows: the shift of gender marking and stereotypical representations; the remain of manifestation of sexism and sexualization in the French media; the pressure of female athletes to conform to femininity norms; the occurrence of under-mediatization of women in sports. Conclusions: The positive developments in the representation and mediatization of female athletes in the French media, including a clear increase in the visibility of women in sport, especially in sports traditionally associated with men, and less extreme forms of sexualization in their portrayal. However, further progress is needed to combat gender stereotypes and improve social representation in order to achieve real equality in the media.