別再靠北、爆料了！打破軍中的沉默探討國軍官兵在自我保護動機下對吹哨行為的影響

Addressing Military Silence - Examining the Role of Self-Protective Motivation in Shaping Whistleblowing Behaviors among Military Personnel

在當前社會中，吹哨行為已成為揭露不當行為來源管道之一，有助於揭示隱藏的問題並促進社會公正，但同時也造成組織嚴重的傷害。面臨嚴峻敵情威脅，如何塑造一個包容幸福、公平的國軍職場環境更是不可或缺，為確保國軍整體戰力，如何有效致力於推動，讓部屬降低外部吹哨情事亦是軍事管理中的重要課題。本研究以保護動機理論提出一個整合性研究架構，透過國軍官兵調查對象，採用兩階段問卷調查方式，共計回收400份有效問卷，以結構方程模式及PRCESS驗證國軍官兵吹哨行為機制模式，研究結果顯示，害怕與自我保護動機對內部吹哨與外部吹哨之間具有顯著正向積極的作用，且內部吹哨對外部吹哨具有負向積極的作用。這表明，當官兵能夠在內部吹哨有效獲得解決時，將降低外部吹哨作用。另外，當提升國軍官兵組織公平知覺時，將有效降低或減緩內部吹哨及外部吹哨行為，由此得知，改善國軍官兵內部吹哨與外部吹哨行為，各單位應致力於營造友善的工作職場環境，優先提升組織內部的公平性與透明度，促進更開放的溝通氛圍，強化部隊的信任和士氣，進而提升整體的運作效率與管理效能，建立包容幸福國軍職場環境。

In contemporary society, whistle-blowing has become a crucial channel for exposing misconduct, uncovering hidden issues, and promoting social justice. However, it can also inflict substantial harm on organizations. In the face of escalating threats, establishing an inclusive, fair, and supportive workplace environment within the national military is essential. To ensure the overall combat effectiveness of the armed forces, fostering effective internal reporting mechanisms and minimizing external whistle-blowing have become critical issues in military management. This study proposes an integrated research framework grounded in Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). Using a two-stage questionnaire survey, data were collected from 400 valid responses from military officers and soldiers. The analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and PROCESS to examine the mechanism of whistle-blowing behavior. The results show that Fear and Self-Preservation Motive significantly and positively influence both Internal Whistle-Blowing and External Whistle-Blowing. Moreover, Internal Whistle-Blowing exerts a significant negative effect on External Whistle-Blowing, suggesting that when internal reports are effectively addressed, the likelihood of external whistle-blowing decreases. Additionally, enhancing Perceived Organizational Justice can significantly reduce both internal and external whistle-blowing behaviors. These findings underscore the importance of creating a friendly and inclusive workplace environment within military units-one that prioritizes fairness and transparency, fosters open communication, and strengthens trust and morale. Such efforts can improve operational efficiency and management effectiveness, ultimately contributing to the development of a resilient and supportive military workplace.