公務人員基礎訓練對公共服務動機影響之調節式中介模型分析

A Moderated Mediation Model on Civil Servants’Basic Training and Public Service Motivation in Taiwan

近三十年來，公共服務動機（public service motivation, PSM）儼然成為公共行政學領域的「常態科學」（normal science）。然而，PSM的發展機制及其對公共管理實務的影響仍待進一步探討。特別是在考試取才的制度下，如何透過訓練提升PSM，是我國公務人力資源管理的重要議題。本研究聚焦於公務人員基礎訓練對PSM之影響，並探討個體報考動機在其中的調節效果。
本研究採用臺灣文官調查第三期（TGBS III）第四份調查問卷資料，針對2015年通過高考並接受基礎訓練之公務人員，建構「調節式中介模型」（moderated mediation model），檢驗：（1）訓練滿意度對PSM的影響，（2）訓練感知價值的中介效果，（3）報考目的對中介關係的調節作用。研究結果顯示訓練滿意度與PSM之間具有正向關聯，且訓練感知價值具有部分中介效果。此外，報考目的對中介關係產生弱化調節效果。亦即，對於希望為國家效力者，訓練滿意對PSM的影響較弱，顯示其PSM可能來自內在動機；但對PSM傾向較低者而言，訓練滿意則能顯著提升其PSM。本研究提供了基礎訓練如何影響PSM的實證依據，並說明報考動機如何影響訓練成效，對於公共行政理論與實務發展具有重要啟示。

In the past three decades, public service motivation (PSM) has become a‘normal science’in the field of public administration. However, the development mechanism of PSM and its impact on public administration practice still needs to be further explored. Especially under the examination system, how to improve PSM through training is an important issue for human resource management in the public service in Taiwan. This study focuses on the effects of basic training on PSM and explores the moderating effect of individual motivation in the examination. Using the data from the fourth questionnaire of the Taiwan Graduate School Survey III (TGBS III), this study constructed a moderated mediation model for civil servants who passed the college entrance examination and received basic training in 2015 to examine: (1) the effect of training satisfaction on PSM, (2) the mediating effect of the perceived value of training, (3) the mediating effect of the purpose of taking the examination on the mediating relationship. The results of the study showed that there was a positive association between training satisfaction and PSM, and the perceived value of training had a partial mediating effect. In addition, the purpose of applying for the examination had a weak moderating effect on the mediator relationship. This study provides empirical evidence on how basic training affects PSM, and illustrates how motivation applied to the examination affects training effectiveness, which has important implications for the development of public administration theory and practice.