從歐盟執委會對中國製純電動車課徵反補貼關稅看歐中關係演變

The Evolution of EU-China Relations through the Lens of the EU’s Anti-subsidy Tariffs on Chinese-made Battery Electric Vehicles

歐盟執委會對中國製純電動汽車課徵反補貼稅，成為歐中經貿關係的重要轉折，顯示雙方在產業競爭與政策博弈中的緊張升高。本文以國際政治經濟學視角，結合戰略研究三大研究為理論，分析歐盟政策動因、內部分歧及其對雙邊關係之影響。關於研究方法，本文採用質性文件分析法，蒐集歐中官方資料、期刊論文、媒體報導，並以歐中關係為個案，探討利益依存如何影響決策。研究結果指出，歐盟執委會之關稅政策，旨在因應中國純電動車市占率快速攀升與保護本土產業，並避免重蹈太陽能市場失利覆轍。然而，歐盟內部如德國基於對中經貿關係而表達保留立場，中國則以反傾銷措施進行反制。整體而言，歐中關係正由合作轉向競爭，未來走向將受政策選擇與國際局勢發展所牽動。

The European Commission’s imposition of countervailing duties on Chinesemade battery electric vehicles represents a significant turning point in EU-China economic relations, reflecting growing tensions in industrial competition and policy rivalry. This paper adopts an international political economy perspective and integrates three major analytical streams of strategic studies to examine the motivations behind the EU’s policy, internal divisions within the Union, and their impact on bilateral relations. In terms of methodology, the study employs qualitative document analysis, gathering official documents from the EU and China, academic journal articles, and media reports. The EU-China relationship is used as a case study to explore how economic interdependence influences policy decisions. The findings indicate that the European Commission’s tariff policy seeks to address the rapid increase in market share of Chinese electric vehicles and to protect domestic industries, aiming to avoid a repeat of the EU’s previous failures in the solar energy sector. However, internal dissent—particularly from Germany due to its strong economic ties with China—reveals divisions within the EU. In response, China has launched countermeasures such as anti-dumping actions. Overall, EU-China relations are shifting from cooperation to competition, with future developments hinging on policy choices and changes in the global geopolitical landscape.