生態正義觀點下的索馬利亞海盜問題：海洋資源、非法捕撈與漁業政策之分析

ECOLOGICAL JUSTICE AND SOMALI PIRACY: AN ANALYSIS OF MARINE RESOURCES, ILLEGAL FISHING, AND FISHERIES GOVERNANCE

2005年至2012年間，西印度洋海域索馬利亞海盜橫行，大肆劫掠船隻勒索贖金，台灣漁船亦有數個不幸遭到索馬利亞海盜襲擊與劫持的案例，本文探討索馬利亞海盜問題的根源與演變，分析漁業資源治理失靈如何導致海盜活動的興起，並評估國際社會因應措施，指出缺乏生態正義是海盜興起的關鍵因素。本文採用文獻分析法，特別檢視2005年至2016年間台灣漁船遭劫持事件，並透過Schaefer漁業經濟模型，建立分析架構，探討索馬利亞海盜、外國非法漁船與政府漁業措施之間的互動關係。研究發現，索馬利亞海盜問題源於1991年政府崩潰後的治理真空。在缺乏有效管理下，外國漁船的非法捕撈行為嚴重損害當地漁民生計。2004年南亞大海嘯更加劇漁村困境，促使部分漁民轉為海盜。雖然國際社會採取軍事巡防等措施，但未能解決根本問題。本文建議採取多層面策略：協助索馬利亞重建海洋治理機制、取消有害的漁業補貼、建立正式的區域漁業合作協定。唯有在生態正義的基礎上，建立公平的漁業管理制度，才能從根本解決海盜問題，實現索馬利亞水域的永續發展。

Between 2005 and 2012, Somali pirates dominated the Western Indian Ocean, attacking vessels and demanding ransom payments. Several Taiwanese fishing vessels were among those hijacked. This study examines the origins and evolution of Somali piracy, analyzing how failed fisheries governance contributed to the rise of pirate activities, and evaluates the international community's response, identifying the lack of ecological justice as a key factor.
The research employs document analysis methodology to examine Taiwanese fishing vessel hijackings from 2005-2016, while utilizing the Schaefer fisheries economic model as an analytical framework to investigate the complex interactions among Somali pirates, illegal foreign fishing operations, and governmental fisheries policies. The research reveals that Somalia's piracy problem emerged from the governance vacuum following the government's collapse in 1991. Without effective management, illegal fishing by foreign vessels severely damaged local fishermen's livelihoods. The 2004 South Asian tsunami further exacerbated the fishing villages' difficulties, driving some fishermen to turn to piracy. Although the international community implemented military patrols and other measures, these failed to address the fundamental issues.
The study recommends a multi-faceted approach: helping Somalia rebuild its marine governance mechanisms, eliminating harmful fishing subsidies, and establishing formal regional fisheries cooperation agreements. Only by establishing equitable fisheries management systems based on ecological justice can the piracy problem be fundamentally resolved and sustainable development achieved in Somali waters.