國內職業棒球選手心理資本、競技心理技能與運動表現之調查研究

A Survey Study on Psychological Capital, Competitive Psychological Skills, and Athletic Performance Among Domestic Professional Baseball Players

目的：運動員的心理素質將影響運動表現，因此本研究旨在探討國內職棒選手的心理資本、競技心理技能及運動表現現況，藉由心理狀態的了解，為選手提供心理技能訓練與介入策略之參考。方法：本研究採調查法進行，徵得57名職棒選手作為研究對象，使用心理資本量表、競技心理技能量表及運動表現量尺作為研究工具。結果：職棒運動員在心理資本四向度的平均表現，百分比介於84.8% ~ 88.1%之間，其中得分最高的是希望，復原力最低；競技心理技能的總平均得分百分比為82.4%，其中以專注表現的百分比最高（88.5%），焦慮管理最低（76.6%）；運動表現量尺的平均表現為7.45。心理資本四向度、競技心理技能與運動表現間多數呈顯著正相關。一、二軍球員的心理資本無顯著差異，但在競技心理技能中的自我對話、呼吸控制、焦慮管理、自我肯定語等四方面，二軍選手的表現顯著高於一軍；球齡方面，6年以上資歷較深的球員比1-3年球齡者有更好的目標設定。結論：面對高壓的職棒競賽，本研究發現職棒選手的心理資本、競技心理技能維持8成以上的表現，惟運動表現可再提升，並強化一軍的競技心理技能，特別是剛踏入職棒的年輕選手，將有助於強化選手的心理素質。

Purposes: Players are key figures in a sports game, and athletes' psychological qualities can impact their performance. This study aims to explore the current state of psychological capital, competitive psychological skills, and athletic performance among domestic professional baseball players. By understanding the psychological states of professional baseball players, the study seeks to provide support for psychological skill training and intervention strategies. Methods: This research was conducted using a survey method with 57 professional baseball players as participants, following ethical review and obtaining consent. Research tools included the Psychological Capital Scale, Competitive Psychological Skills Scale, and Athletic Performance Scale. Results: The average performance of professional baseball players across the four dimensions of psychological capital ranged between 84.8% and 88.1%, with hope scoring the highest and resilience the lowest. The total average score percentage for competitive psychological skills was 82.4%, with the highest percentage in concentration (88.5%) and the lowest in anxiety management (76.6%). The average performance on the Athletic Performance Scale was 7.45. There were significant positive correlations between the four dimensions of psychological capital, competitive psychological skills, and athletic performance. No significant differences in psychological capital were found between first and second team players. However, second team players performed significantly better than first team players in self-talk, breathing control, anxiety management, and self-affirmation. Players with over six years of experience had better goal-setting compared to those with 1-3 years of experience. Conclusions: Facing the high-pressure environment of professional baseball, this study found that professional baseball players maintain performance levels above 80% in psychological capital and competitive psychological skills, but athletic performance can be further improved. Enhancing competitive psychological skills for first team players, especially young players new to professional baseball, will help strengthen their psychological qualities.