南社與近代報刊發展之初探

Nanshe and Development of Newspaper Supplement in Recent Ages

近代報刊發展的歷史條件，主要是帝國主義的文化侵略與因應「變法圖強」的民族需求，是以報紙一開始不僅止擔負傳播新聞的使命，且成為傳播知識、啟迪思想的工具。從第一份正式的報紙副刊《字林滬報》附出的〈消閑報〉創刊至今，中國報紙的副刊已有百年歷史。其間或傳播革命思潮，或啟蒙救亡，或針砭時弊，或促進文學改良，或發展文學流派。副刊既是一種報學現象，也是一種文學現象；而在這百年歷史中，其活躍的程度不盡相同；辛亥革命前後正是副刊的成型與初步發展的階段，在革命派報人的推動下，出現許多具有代表性的副刊。蘊釀於一九○七年，成立於一九○九年的「南社」，是一個以倡導革命文學，自任宣傳革命理念之角色的文學團體。他們企圖通過報刊的傳播力量來領導文壇，開一代風氣。以上海的新聞事業為例，辛亥革命前後，當地約有十三家報刊的撰述編輯員為南社社友所獨佔，對於這種現象，當時南社盟主柳亞子很是得意地開玩笑說：「請看今日之域中，竟是南社的天下。」南社的文學內容包括詩、詞、小說、戲劇乃至文學理論，南社文人透過自己的編輯創作活動影響當時報紙副刊的趨向，奠定副刊進一步發展的基礎。因此，本文試圖史論結合，從南社的文學實踐上，對當時報紙副刊的發展脈絡及其文學意義作一探討。

The historical conditions of the development of Chinese newspapers in recent ages are mainly the cultural invasion of imperialism and the national demand of pursuing a strong and prosperous nation through political reform. Thus, in the beginning, newspapers not only are charged with the duty of disseminating news, but also tools of imparting knowledge and inspiring new thinking. The Chinese newspaper supplement has a history of one hundred years since the publication of Entertainment Report, a supplement to the first formal Chinese newspaper, Word Woods Shanghai Newspaper. The content of those newspaper supplements are aimed at disseminating revolutionary thoughts, enlightening the public, criticizing the social and political corrupt practices, promoting literary reform, or developing literary trends. The supplement is not only a phenomenon of journalism, but also a literary phenomenon. During the one hundred years' history, it manifests different extent of activeness. Years before and after the Revolution of 1911 were the period when the newspaper supplement took shape and began to develop. The effort of revolutionary newspapermen brought about a fair number of representative literary supplements. Fermenting in 1907 and founded in 1909, Nanshe was a literary circle promoting revolutionary literature and taking responsibility for propagating revolutionary ideas. They intended to lead literary circles and to establish a new cultural atmosphere of the generation through the propagation of newspapers. Taking the press in Shanghai for example, during years before and after the Revolution of 1911, the editors and contributors of 13 of the local newspapers were exclusively members of Nanshe. The genres Nanshe members were engaged in included poetry, tzu, fiction, drama, and literary theory. The literary men of Nanshe, through their own activities of editing and creative writing, influenced the trend of their contemporary newspapers, and established the foundation for the further development of the literary supplement. Thus, this essay, on the combined historical and critical basis, is intended as a preliminary investigation of the influence of Nanshe's literary practices on the development of its contemporary newspaper supplements as well as the literary meaning of this influence.