平面媒體之「新好爸爸」論述及其父職政治的分析

The "New Good Father" Revealed in the Press and the Politics of Fatherhood in Taiwan

本文以過去二十年的平面媒體資料為主，從文化理念層面探討平面媒體對父親角色內涵與價值之表述，及其所產生之父職文化面貌的社會、政治意涵。分析資料是取材於國內較受重視的兩份親子雜誌之92篇，與聯合知識庫中撰述父親角色之610篇報導文本，再以內容分析法整理其對父職的論述圖像。主要發現：(1)支持父親應該扮演情感性家庭角色的篇幅居多，「新好爸爸」已成為媒體父職的主要價值趨向，具有分享和整合父職內涵的作用。(2)以白領階級為主的「新好爸爸」論述，隱含了特定社會位置的文化理念與行動期待，因而無法對應到實際父職的多元樣貌。(3)新好爸爸的父職內涵仍立基於父親工具角色較具正當性的結構，而模範父親則更明顯地呼應工具性角色內涵。(4)從「文化工業」與「文化再生產」等概念來思考「新好爸爸主義」這種理想父職的產生，其實具備了文化權力的支配與階層性。由此分析來論，我們應該聚焦於這種文化權力所定義的「父親典範」，以及其中的階級支配關係。在媒體的論述與官方的模範父親中展現了一種父職政治，其不僅影響性別平等的發展，也牽動到父系社會結構中的多元父職與家庭價值改變的可能性。

This research intends to investigate some content reports in the latest 20 years of press media reports for an in-depth analysis with the hope that it will provide insights for the understanding of parental role of father and its correlation to current social values. This research selected two popular magazines for parents in Taiwan as sample for a thorough data collection reviewing a total of ninety-two related reports. It also selected 'Udndata' in Taiwan as sample for a thorough data collection reviewing a total of six hundred and ten related reports. Our findings can be concluded in the following categories:(1) Emphasizing the approaching of 'expressive role' for father, also the limitation of constraint on the exclusive analysis of 'instrumental role' for father. The reporters, experts and readers started to discuss the quality and conduct of 'New Good Father' of which current appropriates the transitional self consciousness and nurturing role. (2) 'New Good Father' case study targets on white collar social class. At this context of discussion, press media try to re-shape the distinction between different stratifications. These discussion can not corresponding to the multi-faces of father in reality. (3) The discourse of 'New Good Father' is embedded in the 'instrumental role'. The related reports of paradigm of fathers emphasize their 'instrumental role' especially. (4) It is necessary to redefine the fatherhood revealed in the press under the arguments of concepts of 'cultural industry' and 'the process of culture reproduction'. It is possible that the discourses of fatherhood from press media are the social-cultural types of running power. To sum up, we should focus on the running power of culture to the definition of ideal father, and the dominations between social classes. The politics of father comes into view under the press media reports and official paradigm of fathers. It is not only affects the development of equality of gender, but also reflects the possibility of change of multi-fatherhood and family values in patriarchal society.