從空間到場所：論中壢車站東南亞族裔的凝聚

From space to place: On the cohesion of Southeast Asian ethnic groups at Zhongli Station

臺灣從開發中國家走向已開發國家，同時也面臨已開發國家所經歷過的勞工短缺問題。人均GDP不如臺灣的東南亞各國，首當其衝成為臺灣的跨國勞工輸出中心。離鄉背井討生活的跨國移工，成為都市飛地（urban enclave）的特有文化；他們角色曖昧且神祕，在異鄉尋求彼此間的溫暖，並且凝聚成臺灣特有的文化地景之一。本文以中壢車站為田野中心向外擴張至中平商圈徒步區，透過非參與式觀察、深度訪談、評價構造法，解讀東南亞族裔如何讓交通運輸空間（space）慢慢走向場所（place）凝聚。研究發現，東南亞族裔於樣本凝聚的主要成因為：1.家鄉體驗的氛圍再現、2.四通八達的交通樞紐、3.低成本人際網絡空間、4.一站式多元消費服務，但此類成因可直覺推理且與臺灣其他東南亞族裔聚集地並無不同。然而，樣本真正有別於其他個案之處，則在於其地景敘事的「去軍隊領域化」與「再東南亞族裔領域化」之過程。

As Taiwan moves from a developing country to a developed country, it is also facing labor shortages experienced by developed countries. Southeast Asian countries whose per capita GDP is not as good as Taiwan’s are the first to bear the brunt of becoming Taiwan’s transnational labor export center. Transnational migrant workers who left their hometowns to make a living have become the unique culture of urban enclaves; their roles are ambiguous and mysterious, and they seek warmth from each other in a foreign land, and they have condensed into one of Taiwan’s unique cultural landscapes. This article takes Zhongli Station as the center of the field and expands to the pedestrian area of Zhongping Business District. Through non-participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and evaluation construction methods, this article explains how Southeast Asian ethnic groups slowly make transportation space become a place to condense. The study found that the main reasons for the cohesion of Southeast Asian ethnic groups in the sample are: 1. Reappearance of the atmosphere experienced in hometown, 2. Transportation hubs extending in all directions, 3. Low-cost interpersonal network space, 4. Onestop diversified consumer services, but such reasons It can be inferred intuitively and is no different from other Southeast Asian ethnic gathering places in Taiwan. However, what really distinguishes this sample from other cases is the process of“deterritorialization”of the landscape narrative and“reterritorialization of Southeast Asian ethnic groups.”